Muva nje, intatheli yakwa-CCTV10 ivakashele i-Institue of Edible Fungi, i-Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences futhi yathwebula uhlelo olukhethekile lokuthandwa kwesayensi olunesihloko esithi “Indlela Yokuhlonza UkwelaphaI-Ganoderma“.Ephendula ukukhathazeka okuvamile komphakathi njengokuthi "indlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa i-Ganoderma" nokuthi "indlela yokuhlukanisa ikhwalithi ye-Ganoderma lucidum spore powder", uZhang Jinsong, umqondisi we-Institue of Edible Fungi, i-Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. , inikeze izimpendulo ezinemininingwane.

Ukukhethwa Nokusetshenziswa KweI-Ganoderma

Yenza okukhuluI-Ganodermaiqukethe imisoco eyengeziwe?

UZhang Jinsong:I-Ganodermaihlonishwa kakhulu ngoba iqukethe izithako ezimbili ezisebenzayo: i-polysaccharides ne-triterpenes.I-Ganoderma polysaccharides idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amasosha omzimba, ithuthukise umsebenzi wamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, futhi ithuthukise ukumelana komzimba.I-Ganoderma triterpenes iyikilasi lezinhlanganisela zemvelo ezine-tumor-suppress, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, kanye ne-antioxidant effect.

I-Pharmacopoeia yase-People's Republic of China ibeka ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-Ganoderma,I-Ganoderma lucidumfuthiI-Ganoderma sinense, ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha.I-Pharmacopoeia idinga ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide yezinto zokwelapha ze-Ganoderma akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.9%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-triterpene akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.5%.

Khetha uhlobo olufanayo lwe-Ganoderma, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokulima, futhi usebenzise ama-Ganoderma amathathu osayizi abahlukene njengamasampula wokuqhathanisa ukuze ulinganise okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-polysaccharide ne-triterpene.

Kwatholakala ukuthi i-polysaccharide ne-triterpene okuqukethwe kwamasampula akhethiwe konke kudlula izindinganiso zikazwelonke, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide ne-triterpene kokuthathu.I-Ganodermaamasampula, ayehluka kakhulu ngobukhulu, awazange ahluke kakhulu.Akukho ukuhlobana okudingekayo phakathi kobukhulu bomzimba we-Ganoderma fruiting kanye nenani lemisoco esebenzayo eliqukethe.Ukwahlulela ikhwalithi ye-Ganoderma ngokusekelwe kuphela kusayizi wokubukeka kwayo akunasisekelo.

Yenza ukukhanyaI-Ganodermaunokuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphezulu okusebenzayo?

I-Zhang Jinsong: I-Ganoderma ekhiqizwa ngokuvamile akufanele ikhanye.Singasebenzisa i-steamer, "i-beautician" ye-Ganoderma, ukwenza i-Ganoderma icwebezele futhi ikhanye kakhulu: ngemva kokushisa i-Ganoderma ku-steamer imizuzu engu-30 futhi uyivumele ipholile, izokhanya.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemva kokushisisa, izinto zamakhemikhali ezingaphezulu kwekepisi le-Ganoderma ziyashintsha, zenze yonke i-Ganoderma ibukeke igqame futhi ikhanye kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kokuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide ne-triterpene yakho kokubili okushubile nokungafakwangaI-Ganoderma, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi kwakungekho umehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharides ne-triterpenes phakathi kokubili.Abathengisi bacubungula i-Ganoderma ngale ndlela ukuze nje bayenze ibukeke kangcono ukuze ithengiswe, futhi ayishintshi izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco ku-Ganoderma.Ngakho-ke, inzwabethi yokukhetha i-Ganoderma ngokusekelwe ekucwebezeleni kwayo iyazishaya.

Ingabe isikhathi esideI-Ganodermaikhula, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezithako zayo ezisebenzayo?

U-Zhang Jinsong: Abantu bangase bahlabeke umxhwele ngendaba yeNkosazana Emhlophe efuna i-“Ganoderma Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane” ukuze isindise u-Xu Xian.Kodwa empeleni, izinto zokwelapha ze-Ganoderma ezishiwo nguhulumeni zifaka izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela, i-Ganoderma lucidum ne-Ganoderma sinense, futhi zonke ziyiminyaka yonyaka.Ngemva kokuvuthwa kwawo ngonyaka ofanayo, azobe e-lignified ngokuphelele futhi ngeke aphinde akhule.Ngakho-ke kulo mbono, iI-Ganodermasingathenga emakethe ngokuphelele ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Ganoderma Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane".Wonke umuntu akufanele akholwe inkulumo-ze yabathengisi mayelana ne-“Ganoderma Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane”, ayikho i-Ganoderma ekhule iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Ingabe kungcono“cwilisa uphuze“noma“ubilise uphuze“ukumuncwa okungcono?

U-Zhang Jinsong: Kudingeka siqhathanise ukuthi iyiphi indlela, “ukucwiliswa emanzini nokuphuza” noma “ukubilisa nokuphuza”, okungakhipha kangcono izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco.I-Ganoderma.Ku-Ganoderma ekhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, izingcezu ezimbili ze-25-gram zithathwa futhi zingaphansi kwehora elilodwa lokucwiliswa nokubilisa ngokulandelana, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide emanzini kuyalinganiswa.

Kwatholakala ukuthi umbala wamanzi abilisiwe ngeGanoderma ujulile kunalowo wamanzi acwiliswe ngawo.I-Ganoderma.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwedatha, kwatholakala ukuthi ukubilisa kungakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide cishe ngama-41%.Ngakho-ke, ukubilisa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhipha izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco ku-Ganoderma.

Ingabe isikhathi esideI-Ganodermaibilisiwe, inani lokudla okunempilo liphezuluI-Ganoderma amanzi?

U-Zhang Jinsong: Sika amagremu angu-25 wezingcezu ze-Ganoderma bese siwafaka kumamililitha angu-500 wamanzi acwecwe ku-100 degrees Celsius ukuze abiliswe.Ngobude besikhathi obuphelele bemizuzu engama-80, sikhipha isisombululo se-Ganoderma njalo ngemizuzu engama-20 ukukala okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide.Kwatholakala ukuthi ukubilisa imizuzu engu-20 kakade kungakhipha izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco ezisebenzayo ku-Ganoderma, ngakho-ke lapho abathengi bedla i-Ganoderma, akudingeki banwebe isikhathi sokubilisa ukuze bathole imisoco esebenzayo.

Uma ubilisa i-Ganoderma, ingaphinda ibiliswe ngokuphindaphindiwe.Siphinde sahlola izithako ezisebenzayo zenani lezikhathi lapho i-Ganoderma ibilisiwe.Ngedatha, sithole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokubilisa isikhathi eside, ukubilisa izikhathi ezintathu ngokuphindaphindiwe kungandisa cishe u-40% wezingxenye zokudla okunomsoco.

[I-GanodermaIziphakamiso zokusetshenziswa]

Amanzi abiliswe nge-Ganoderma lucidum anokunambitheka okubabayo kancane, futhi ungakwazi ukwengeza uju, ulamula, nezinye izinongo ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho.Lungiselela isitshulu noma i-congee ngokubilisa i-Ganoderma lucidum nezinye izithako ezifana nenkukhu nenyama engenamafutha.Le ndlela isiza ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zokwelapha ze-Ganoderma lucidum nezithako, okuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwazo komzimba.

UkwehlukanisaI-Ganoderma LucidumI-Spore Powder

Kunegebe elikhulu lentengo ku-spore powder, abathengi bangahlukanisa kanjani?

Zhang Jinsong: Ganoderma lucidumi-spore powderiyingqamuzana yokuzala encane kakhulu ekhishwa kumashubhu okukhunta amaningi ngaphansi kwekepisi ngemva kokuvuthwa kwe-Ganoderma lucidum.Ingama-micrometer angu-4-6 kuphela futhi inemiphumela eminingi, njengokuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki, ukulwa nokukhathala, nokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.I-Ganoderma lucidum powder, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyimpushana ecolekile eyenziwe ngokuchoboza umzimba we-Ganoderma lucidum fruiting.

Ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-spore powder, intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu, kodwa abanye abathengisi bazonciphisa inani layo ngokungeza i-Ganoderma lucidum powder ku-spore powder.Singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ezicini ezintathu: umbala, ukunambitha, nokuthinta.Umbala we-spore powder ujulile, eduze nombala wekhofi;i-spore powder ayinakho ukunambitheka okubabayo, kanye ne-spore powder exutshwe nayoI-Ganodermaimpushanauzoba nokunambitheka okubabayo;ngenxa yokuthi i-spore powder iqukethe amafutha, izoba manzi futhi ibe namafutha, kuyilapho i-Ganoderma lucidum i-ultra-fine powder yomile futhi ayizizwa inamafutha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-"sporoderm-unbroken" kanye ne-"sporoderm-broken" powder powder?

U-Zhang Jinsong: Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, i-spore powder "ye-sporoderm-unbroken" ibonakala njengembewu yekhabe, kuyilapho i-sporo "sporoderm-broken" spore powder iphulwa ibe yizicucu.Sikhiphe igremu elingu-1 le-spore powder elithi "sporoderm-unbroken" kanye ne-"sporoderm-broken" spore powder ngokulandelanayo ukuze silinganise okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide.Kutholakale ukuthi i-sporoderm-unbroken spore powder ikhiqize ama-milligrams angu-26.1 we-polysaccharides, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-polysaccharide ye-spore powder kukhuphuke ku-38.9 milligrams ngemva kokuphula i-sporoderm.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithako ezisebenzayo ku-Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, njengamafutha, amaprotheni nama-polysaccharides, zigoqwe yi-sporoderm.I-sporoderm iqinile kakhulu, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amanzi, i-asidi, ne-alkali ayikwazi ukuvula i-sporoderm.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa indlela ye-sporoderm-breaking kungasiza ukukhulula izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi.Ngakho-ke, ngokukhethai-sporoderm -i-spore powder ephukile, ungakwazi ukumunca izithako ezisebenzayo.

[Iziphakamiso Zokuthenga]

Uma ufuna ukuthenga imizimba ye-Ganoderma fruiting eqinisekisiwe, ephumelelayo ne-sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge eziteshini ezivamile.Uma ungaqiniseki, ungasebenzisa indlela enconyiwe kulesi siqephu ukuze uhlukanise ngokushesha ikhwalithi ye-sporoderm-broken spore powder, engaqinisekisa ukuthi uthenga okuthembekile ngempela.I-Ganodermaimikhiqizo, ikuvumela ukuthi udle ngokunempilo nangokuthula kwengqondo.

Umthombo wolwazi: Inhlangano yase-China Edible Fungi