Kutshanje, intatheli evela kwiCCTV10 indwendwele iZiko leFungi etyiwayo, iShanghai Academy yeSayensi yezoLimo kwaye yafota inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokwazisa isayensi enesihloko esithi “Indlela yokuchonga amayeza.I-Ganoderma“.Ukuphendula kwiinkxalabo eziqhelekileyo zoluntu njengokuthi "indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutya i-Ganoderma" kunye "nendlela yokwahlula umgangatho we-Ganoderma lucidum spore powder", uZhang Jinsong, umlawuli we-Institue of Edible Fungi, i-Shanghai Academy yeSayensi yezoLimo. , inike iimpendulo ezineenkcukacha.

Ukukhethwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweI-Ganoderma

Yenza enkuluI-Ganodermaziqulathe izondlo ezininzi?

UZhang Jinsong:I-Ganodermaixatyiswe kakhulu kuba inezithako ezimbini eziphambili ezisebenzayo: iipolysaccharides kunye netriterpenes.I-Ganoderma polysaccharides idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni amajoni omzimba, ukuphucula umsebenzi weeseli zomzimba, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa komzimba.I-Ganoderma triterpenes yiklasi yeekhompawundi zendalo ezine-tumor-suppressing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

I-Pharmacopoeia yeRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina imisela ukuba zimbini kuphela iintlobo zeGanoderma,I-Ganoderma lucidumkwayeGanoderma sinense, ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango.I-Pharmacopoeia idinga ukuba umxholo we-polysaccharide yezinto ze-Ganoderma zonyango akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.9%, kwaye umxholo we-triterpene akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%.

Khetha iindidi ezifanayo zeGanoderma, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokulima, kwaye usebenzise iiGanoderma ezintathu zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo njengeesampuli zokuthelekisa ukulinganisa umxholo wabo we-polysaccharide kunye ne-triterpene.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba umxholo we-polysaccharide kunye ne-triterpene yeesampulu ezikhethiweyo zonke zigqithise imigangatho yesizwe, kodwa umxholo we-polysaccharide kunye ne-triterpene yezintathu.I-Ganodermaiisampulu, ezahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu, azizange zihluke kakhulu.Akukho kulungelelaniswa okuyimfuneko phakathi kobukhulu bomzimba we-Ganoderma fruiting kunye nomthamo wezondlo ezisebenzayo eziqulethwe.Ukugweba umgangatho weGanoderma kuphela ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bembonakalo yayo ayinasiseko.

Yenza ukukhanyaI-Ganodermaunesiqulatho sesondlo esiphezulu esisebenzayo?

UZhang Jinsong: I-Ganoderma eveliswa ngokuqhelekileyo akufanele ikhanye.Singasebenzisa i-steamer, "i-beautician" ye-Ganoderma, ukwenza i-Ganoderma ibe yi-glossy kwaye ikhanye ngakumbi: emva kokutshisa i-Ganoderma kwi-steamer imizuzu engama-30 kwaye uyivumele ipholile, iya kuqaqamba.Oku kungenxa yokuba emva kokuphunga, izinto zekhemikhali ezikumphezulu weGanoderma cap ziyatshintsha, zenza iGanoderma yonke ibonakale iqaqambe ngakumbi kwaye iguquguquke.

Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwi-polysaccharide kunye nomxholo we-triterpene we-steamed kunye ne-unsteamedI-Ganoderma, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho mahluko amaninzi kumxholo we-polysaccharides kunye ne-triterpenes phakathi kwezi zibini.Abarhwebi benza i-Ganoderma ngale ndlela nje ukuyenza ibonakale ingcono ukuthengiswa, kwaye ayitshintshi izakhi ezisebenzayo zesondlo kwi-Ganoderma.Ke ngoko, i-rumor yokukhetha i-Ganoderma esekwe kubucwebe bayo kukuzibetha.

Ngaba ixesha elide iI-Ganodermaikhula, iphezulu umxholo wezithako zayo ezisebenzayo?

UZhang Jinsong: Abantu banokuchukunyiswa libali le-White Lady likhangela "iGanoderma yeminyaka eliwaka" ukusindisa uXu Xian.Kodwa eneneni, izixhobo zamayeza eGanoderma ezichazwe ngurhulumente zibandakanya kuphela iindidi ezimbini, iGanoderma lucidum kunye neGanoderma sinense, kwaye zonke ziminyaka.Emva kokuba zivuthwe ngonyaka omnye, ziya kuba lignified ngokupheleleyo kwaye aziyi kuphinda zikhule.Ngoko kulo mbono, iI-Ganodermasinokuthenga kwimarike ngokupheleleyo ayinakuba yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "Ganoderma yeminyaka eliwaka".Wonke umntu akufanele akholelwe kwi-propaganda yabathengisi malunga ne "Ganoderma yeminyaka eliwaka", akukho Ganoderma ekhulile iminyaka eyiwaka.

Ngaba kungcono“cwilisa kwaye usele“okanye“ubilise usele“Ukufunxa ngcono?

UZhang Jinsong: Kufuneka sithelekise ukuba yeyiphi indlela, "ukuntywila nokusela" okanye "ukubilisa nokusela", kunokukhupha ngcono izakhi zesondlo ezisebenzayo.I-Ganoderma.Kwi-Ganoderma ekhulile phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, iinqununu ezimbini ze-25-gram zithathwa kwaye ziphantsi kweyure enye yokucwina kunye nokubilisa ngokulandelanayo, kwaye umxholo we-polysaccharide emanzini ulinganiswa.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba umbala wamanzi abilisiwe ngeGanoderma unzulu kunolo lwamanzi agalelwe ngawo.I-Ganoderma.Emva kovavanyo lwedatha, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukubilisa kunokunyusa umxholo we-polysaccharide malunga ne-41%.Ke ngoko, ukubilisa kuyindlela esebenzayo ngakumbi yokukhupha amacandelo esondlo asebenzayo kwiGanoderma.

Ngaba ixesha elide iI-Ganodermaxa ibilisiwe, ixabiso lesondlo liphezuluI-Ganoderma amanzi?

UZhang Jinsong: Sinqumle i-25 grams ye-Ganoderma slices kwaye siyifake kwi-500 milliliters yamanzi adibeneyo kwi-100 degrees Celsius ukubilisa.Ngobude bemizuzu ye-80, sikhupha isisombululo seGanoderma yonke imizuzu ye-20 ukulinganisa umxholo we-polysaccharide.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukubilisa imizuzu engama-20 kunokukhupha amacandelo esondlo asebenzayo kwiGanoderma, ngoko xa abathengi besitya iGanoderma, akufuneki bandise ixesha lokubilisa ukuze bafumane izondlo ezisebenzayo.

Xa ubilisa iGanoderma, inokubiliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.Siphinde savavanya izithako ezisebenzayo kwinani lamaxesha i-Ganoderma ibilisiwe.Ngokusebenzisa idatha, sifumene ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokubilisa kwexesha elide, ukubilisa kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokunyusa phantse i-40% yamacandelo asebenzayo esondlo.

[I-GanodermaIingcebiso zokuSetyenziswa]

Amanzi abiliswe ngeGanoderma lucidum anencasa ekrakra kancinci, kwaye unokongeza ubusi, ilamuni, kunye nezinye izinongo ngokokuthanda kwakho.Lungiselela i-stew okanye i-congee ngokubilisa i-Ganoderma lucidum kunye nezinye izithako ezifana nenkukhu kunye nenyama ebhityileyo.Le ndlela iququzelela ukudityaniswa kweempawu zonyango zeGanoderma lucidum kunye nezithako, ukuphucula ukuxutywa kwazo kunye nomzimba.

UkwahlulaGanoderma LucidumUmgubo weSpore

Kukho umsantsa omkhulu wexabiso kwi-powder spore, abathengi banokuhlula njani?

Zhang Jinsong: Ganoderma lucidumumgubo wesiporeyiseli encinci yokuzala ekhutshiweyo kwityhubhu zokungunda ezingenakubalwa phantsi komnqwazi emva kokuvuthwa kweGanoderma lucidum.I-4-6 kuphela i-micrometers kwaye ineempembelelo ezininzi, ezifana nokuphucula ukugonywa, ukulwa nokudinwa, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.I-Ganoderma lucidum powder, kwelinye icala, i-ultra-fine powder eyenziwe ngokutyumza umzimba we-Ganoderma lucidum fruiting.

Ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-spore powder, ixabiso layo liphezulu, kodwa abanye abathengisi baya kunciphisa ixabiso layo ngokufaka i-Ganoderma lucidum powder kwi-powder powder.Sinokwahlula kwiinkalo ezintathu: umbala, incasa, nokuchukumisa.Umbala we-spore powder unzulu, usondele kumbala wekofu;umgubo wespore awunancasa ikrakra, kunye nomgubo oxutywe nesporeI-Ganodermaumguboiya kuba nencasa ekrakra;ngenxa yokuba i-spore powder iqulethe amafutha, iya kuba manzi kwaye inamafutha, ngelixa i-Ganoderma lucidum i-ultra-fine powder yomile kwaye ayiziva igreasy.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe "sporoderm-unbroken" kunye ne "sporoderm-broken" powder powder?

Zhang Jinsong: Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, "i-sporoderm-unbroken" i-spore powder ibonakala njengembewu ye-watermelon, ngelixa "i-sporoderm-broken" i-spore powder iqhekeke ibe ngamaqhekeza.Sikhuphe i-1 gram ye-"sporoderm-unbroken" ye-spore powder kunye ne-"sporoderm-broken" ye-spore powder ngokulandelanayo ukulinganisa umxholo we-polysaccharide.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba "i-sporoderm-unbroken" i-powder powder ivelise i-26.1 milligrams ye-polysaccharides, ngelixa umxholo we-polysaccharide we-polysaccharide ye-powder yanda ukuya kwi-38.9 milligrams emva kokuphula i-sporoderm.

Oku kungenxa yokuba izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, ezifana namafutha, iiprotheni kunye ne-polysaccharides, zisongelwe yi-sporoderm.I-sporoderm inzima kakhulu, kwaye phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, amanzi, i-asidi, kunye ne-alkali ayikwazi ukuvula i-sporoderm.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa indlela ye-sporoderm-breaking kunokunceda ukukhulula izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi.Ngoko ke, ngokukhethasporoderm-umgubo wespore owaphukileyo, unokufunxa izithako ezisebenzayo ngakumbi.

[Iingcebiso zokuthenga]

Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga imizimba ye-Ganoderma fruiting eqinisekisiweyo, esebenzayo kunye ne-sporoderm-ephukileyo ye-Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthenge kwiitshaneli eziqhelekileyo.Ukuba awuqinisekanga, ungasebenzisa indlela ecetyiswayo kwesi siqendu ngokukhawuleza ukwahlula umgangatho we-sporoderm-broken spore powder, enokuqinisekisa ukuba uthenga okuthembekileyo ngokwenene.I-Ganodermaiimveliso, ezikuvumela ukuba utye ukutya okunempilo kunye noxolo lwengqondo.

Umthombo wolwazi: Umbutho waseChina oNyonwayo weFungi