Posachedwapa, mtolankhani wochokera ku CCTV10 adayendera Institue of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences ndipo adajambula pulogalamu yapadera yodziwika bwino ya sayansi yotchedwa "Momwe Mungadziwire Mankhwala.Ganoderma“.Poyankha zomwe anthu ambiri amadandaula nazo monga "momwe mungasankhire ndi kudya Ganoderma" ndi "momwe mungasiyanitse khalidwe la Ganoderma lucidum spore powder", Zhang Jinsong, mkulu wa Institue of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. , anapereka mayankho atsatanetsatane.

Kusankha ndi Kugwiritsa NtchitoGanoderma

Imachita zazikuluGanodermaali ndi zakudya zambiri?

Zhang Jinsong:Ganodermaamalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri: polysaccharides ndi triterpenes.Ganoderma polysaccharides amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera chitetezo chamthupi, kulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito a chitetezo chamthupi, ndikuwongolera kukana kwa thupi.Ganoderma triterpenes ndi gulu lazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi chotupa, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, ndi antioxidant zotsatira.

Pharmacopoeia ya People's Republic of China imati mitundu iwiri yokha ya Ganoderma,Ganoderma lucidumndiGanoderma sinense, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala.The Pharmacopoeia amafuna kuti polysaccharide zili mankhwala Ganoderma zipangizo sayenera kuchepera 0,9%, ndi triterpene zili sayenera zosakwana 0,5%.

Sankhani mitundu yofanana ya Ganoderma, pansi pa kulima komweko, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito ma Ganoderma atatu amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga zitsanzo zofananiza kuti muyese zomwe zili mu polysaccharide ndi triterpene.

Zinapezeka kuti polysaccharide ndi triterpene zili mu zitsanzo zosankhidwa zonse zidaposa miyezo ya dziko, koma polysaccharide ndi triterpene zili m'magulu atatuwo.Ganodermazitsanzo, zomwe zinali zosiyana kwambiri kukula kwake, sizinali zosiyana kwambiri.Palibe kulumikizana kofunikira pakati pa kukula kwa thupi la Ganoderma fruiting ndi kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe ili nayo.Kuweruza khalidwe la Ganoderma kokha potengera kukula kwa maonekedwe ake ndi zopanda pake.

Imachita kuwalaGanodermaali ndi zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi?

Zhang Jinsong: Ganoderma yopangidwa kawirikawiri siyenera kukhala yowala.Titha kugwiritsa ntchito steamer, "wokongola" wa Ganoderma, kuti Ganoderma ikhale yonyezimira komanso yowala: mutatha kuyatsa Ganoderma mu nthunzi kwa mphindi 30 ndikuyisiya kuti izizirike, idzawala.Izi zili choncho chifukwa pambuyo pa nthunzi, zinthu za mankhwala zomwe zili pamwamba pa kapu ya Ganoderma zimasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Ganoderma yonse iwoneke yowala komanso yowoneka bwino.

Mayesero adachitidwa pa polysaccharide ndi triterpene zomwe zili mu steamed komanso zopanda madziGanoderma, ndipo zinapezeka kuti panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu muzinthu za polysaccharides ndi triterpenes pakati pa awiriwa.Ochita malonda amapangira Ganoderma motere kuti awoneke bwino pogulitsa, ndipo sizisintha zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu Ganoderma.Choncho, mphekesera za kusankha Ganoderma kutengera glossiness yake ndi kudzigonjetsera.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitaliGanodermalimakula, ndi apamwamba zili zake yogwira zosakaniza?

Zhang Jinsong: Anthu angachite chidwi ndi nkhani ya White Lady kufunafuna "Ganoderma ya Zaka Chikwi" kuti apulumutse Xu Xian.Koma kwenikweni, mankhwala a Ganoderma otchulidwa ndi boma amangophatikiza mitundu iwiri yokha, Ganoderma lucidum ndi Ganoderma sinense, ndipo onse ndi pachaka.Akakhwima mu chaka chomwecho, adzakhala kwathunthu lignified ndipo sadzakulanso.Chifukwa chake, pamalingaliro awa, aGanodermaTitha kugula pamsika mwamtheradi sizingakhale zomwe zimatchedwa "Zaka Zikwi Ganoderma".Aliyense sayenera kukhulupirira zabodza za amalonda za "Ganoderma Zaka Chikwi", palibe Ganoderma yomwe yakula kwa zaka chikwi.

Ndi bwino kutero“zilowerere ndi kumwa“kapena“wiritsani ndi kumwa“kuti mayamwidwe bwino?

Zhang Jinsong: Tiyenera kufananiza ndi njira iti, "kuviika ndi kumwa" kapena "kuwira ndi kumwa", komwe kungachotsere bwino zomwe zimagwira ntchito muzakudya.Ganoderma.Kwa Ganoderma yomwe imakula pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi, magawo awiri a magalamu 25 amatengedwa ndikuyikidwa pa ola limodzi lonyowa ndikuwira motsatana, ndipo ma polysaccharide omwe ali m'madzi amayezedwa.

Zinapezeka kuti mtundu wa madzi owiritsa ndi Ganoderma ndi wozama kuposa wamadzi oviikidwa.Ganoderma.Pambuyo poyezetsa deta, zidapezeka kuti kuwira kumatha kuwonjezera ma polysaccharide pafupifupi 41%.Choncho, kuwira ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yochotsera zakudya zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku Ganoderma.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitaliGanodermandi yowiritsa, m'pamene apamwamba zakudya mtengo waGanoderma madzi?

Zhang Jinsong: Timadula magalamu 25 a magawo a Ganoderma ndikuyika mu mamililita 500 amadzi osungunuka pa madigiri 100 Celsius kuti aphike.Ndi nthawi yonse ya mphindi 80, timachotsa yankho la Ganoderma mphindi 20 zilizonse kuti tiyeze zomwe zili ndi polysaccharide.Zinapezeka kuti kuwira kwa mphindi 20 kumatha kutulutsa kale zakudya zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku Ganoderma, kotero ogula akamadya Ganoderma, safunikira kuwonjezera nthawi yowira kuti apeze michere yambiri.

Mukawiritsa Ganoderma, imathanso kuwiritsidwa mobwerezabwereza.Tinayesanso zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri Ganoderma inaphika.Kupyolera mu deta, tapeza kuti poyerekeza ndi kuwira kwa nthawi yaitali, kuwiritsa katatu mobwerezabwereza kungapangitse pafupifupi 40% ya zigawo zogwira ntchito zopatsa thanzi.

[GanodermaMalangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito]

Madzi owiritsa ndi Ganoderma lucidum amakhala ndi kukoma kowawa pang'ono, ndipo mutha kuwonjezera uchi, mandimu, ndi zokometsera zina malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda.Konzani mphodza kapena congee poyimitsa Ganoderma lucidum ndi zinthu zina monga nkhuku ndi nyama yowonda.Njirayi imathandizira kuphatikiza mankhwala a Ganoderma lucidum ndi zosakaniza, kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa kwawo ndi thupi.

KusiyanitsaGanoderma LucidumUfa wa Spore

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwamitengo mu ufa wa spore, ogula angasiyanitse bwanji?

Zhang Jinsong: Ganoderma lucidumspore powderndi selo laling'ono kwambiri loberekera lomwe limatulutsidwa kuchokera kumachubu ambiri a mafangasi pansi pa kapu Ganoderma lucidum ikakhwima.Ndi ma micrometer a 4-6 okha ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zambiri, monga kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, anti-kutopa, ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.Ganoderma lucidum powder, kumbali ina, ndi ufa wochuluka kwambiri wopangidwa ndi kuphwanya thupi la Ganoderma lucidum fruiting.

Chifukwa cha kupanga spore powder, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri, koma amalonda ena adzachepetsa mtengo wake powonjezera ufa wa Ganoderma lucidum ku ufa wa spore.Tikhoza kusiyanitsa ndi zinthu zitatu izi: mtundu, kukoma, ndi kukhudza.Mtundu wa spore ufa ndi wozama, pafupi ndi mtundu wa khofi;spore ufa alibe kukoma kowawa, ndi spore ufa wosakaniza ndiGanodermaufaadzakhala ndi kukoma kowawa;chifukwa spore ufa uli ndi mafuta, umakhala wonyowa komanso wonyezimira, pomwe Ganoderma lucidum ufa wochuluka kwambiri umauma ndipo sumva mafuta.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa "sporoderm-unbroken" ndi "sporoderm-broken" spore powder?

Zhang Jinsong: Pansi pa maikulosikopu, ufa wa "sporoderm-unbroken" umawoneka ngati njere za chivwende, pomwe ufa wa "sporoderm-broken" umaphwanyidwa kukhala tizidutswa.Tinatulutsa 1 gramu ya ufa wa "sporoderm-unbroken" spore powder ndi "sporoderm-broken" spore powder motsatana kuti tiyeze zomwe zili ndi polysaccharide.Zinapezeka kuti "sporoderm-unbroken" ufa wa spore unatulutsa 26.1 milligrams ya polysaccharides, pamene polysaccharide yopangidwa ndi spore powder inakula mpaka 38.9 milligrams pambuyo pophwanya sporoderm.

Izi ndichifukwa choti zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, monga mafuta, mapuloteni ndi ma polysaccharides, zimakutidwa ndi sporoderm.Sporoderm ndi yolimba kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse, madzi, asidi, ndi alkali sangathe kutsegula sporoderm.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya sporoderm-breaking kungathandize kumasula zinthu zomwe zimagwira mkati.Choncho, posankhasporoderm -ufa wosweka wa spore, mutha kuyamwa zowonjezera zogwira ntchito.

[Maganizo Ogula]

Ngati mukufuna kugula matupi amtundu wa Ganoderma odalirika komanso osweka a Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula kuchokera kumayendedwe okhazikika.Ngati simuli otsimikiza, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito njira yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa mu gawoli kuti musiyanitse mwachangu mtundu wa ufa wa sporoderm-spore, womwe ungatsimikizire kuti mumagula odalirika.Ganodermamankhwala, kukulolani kudya wathanzi ndi mtendere wamumtima.

Gwero lachidziwitso: China Edible Fungi Association