Umbhalo / uZhi-bin LIN (unjingalwazi weSebe le-Pharmacology, i-Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences)
★Eli nqaku liveliswe kwi-ganodermanews.com.Ipapashwa ngokugunyaziswa ngumbhali.

ILingzhi (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiGanoderma okanye iReishi mushroom) idlala njani ifuthe layo lokulwa neentsholongwane?Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba i-Lingzhi inqanda ngokungangqalanga iintsholongwane ekungeneni emzimbeni womntu kwaye zande kwaye zonakalise emzimbeni ngokwandisa amajoni omzimba.I-Lingzhi inokunciphisa ukudumba okubangelwa yintsholongwane kunye nomonakalo kumalungu abalulekileyo afana nemiphunga, intliziyo, isibindi kunye nezintso ngenxa yeziphumo zayo zokulwa ne-oxidative kunye ne-free radical scavenging.Ukongezelela, kukho iingxelo zophando ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1980 ukuba i-Lingzhi, ngakumbi i-triterpenoids equlethwe kuyo, inempembelelo yokuthintela kwiintlobo zentsholongwane.

UNjingalwazi uZhi-bin LIN uye wabandakanyeka kuphando lwaseLingzhii-pharmacology kwisiqingatha senkulungwane kwaye unguvulindlela kuphando lweLingzhi eChina.(Ifoto/Wu Tingyao)

Isifo seCoronavirus sika-2019 (COVID-19) sisajikeleza kwaye sisasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele.Ukuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane, ukunyanga izigulane kunye nokuphelisa ubhubhane zizinto ezilindelekileyo kunye noxanduva loluntu lonke.Ukusuka kwiingxelo ezahlukeneyo zeendaba, ndiyavuya ukubona ukuba zininziI-Ganoderma lucidumabavelisi banikela ngezinto zokuthintela ubhubhane kunye neemveliso zeLingzhi kwiindawo zobhubhane kunye namaqela ezonyango eHubei.Ndiyathemba ukuba iLingzhi inganceda ukuthintela inyumoniya entsha ye-coronavirus kunye nokukhusela oogqirha kunye nezigulana.

Unobangela walo bhubhani yinoveli coronavirus ka-2019 (SARS-CoV-2).Phambi kokuba kubekho amachiza e-anti-novel coronavirus kunye nogonyo, eyona ndlela yakudala nesebenzayo yayikukuvalela izigulana, ukwenza unyango oluneempawu kunye nokuxhasa unyango, ukomeleza ukhuseleko, ukuthintela iintsholongwane ekosuleleni kunye nokonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo kunye nezicubu zomzimba kwaye ekugqibeleni soyise isifo.Kubantu abasesichengeni, ukonyusa amajoni omzimba kunceda ukuxhathisa uhlaselo lwentsholongwane.

Ukongeza, icandelo lezonyango likwazama ukufumana amachiza anokuthi alwe nale ntsholongwane intsha kumachiza asele ekhona.Kukho amarhe amaninzi kwi-Intanethi.Nokuba ziyasebenza na okanye azikaqinisekiswa ngokwezonyango.

ILingzhi yongeza amandla okulwa nentsholongwane amajoni omzimba.

Lingzhi (I-Ganoderma lucidumkwayeGanoderma sinensis) liyeza elisemthethweni laseTshayina eliqukwe kwi-Pharmacopoeia yeRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina (iCandelo lokuQala), ngokutsho kweLingzhi enokuncedisa i-qi, i-nerve epholileyo, ukukhulula ukukhohlela kunye nesifo sombefu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukungazinzi, ukuphuthelwa, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukunqongophala kwemiphunga kunye nokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla, isifo sokutya kunye nokuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zamachiza eLingzhi zivunyiwe ukuba zithengiswe kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwezifo.

Izifundo zale mihla zamayeza zibonakalise ukuba i-Lingzhi inokomeleza ukusebenza komzimba, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukuphucula ukulala, ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye nokukhupha ii-radicals zamahhala, kunye nokukhusela intliziyo, ingqondo, imiphunga, isibindi kunye nezintso.Isetyenziswe ngokweklinikhi kunyango okanye unyango lwe-adjuvant ye-bronchitis engapheliyo, izifo eziphindaphindiweyo zokuphefumula, i-asthma kunye nezinye izifo.

I-Lingzhi idlala njani iimpembelelo zayo zokulwa neentsholongwane?Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba i-Lingzhi inqanda ngokungangqalanga iintsholongwane ekungeneni emzimbeni womntu kwaye zande kwaye zonakalise emzimbeni ngokwandisa amajoni omzimba.

Nangona intsholongwane inoburhalarhume, ekugqibeleni iya kupheliswa xa ijongene nokhuseleko oluqinileyo.Oku kuxoxwe kwinqaku elithi "i-Lingzhi iphucula ukukhuseleka" epapashwe kwinqaku le-58 elithi "GANODERMA" kunye nenqaku elithi "Isiseko seI-Ganoderma lucidumUkuthintela i-Influenza - Xa kukho i-qi eyaneleyo enempilo ngaphakathi, izinto ze-pathogenic azikho indlela yokuhlasela umzimba "epapashwe kwi-46th issue ye "GANODERMA".

Isishwankathelo, enye yeyokuba i-Lingzhi inokuphucula imisebenzi yomzimba yokuzikhusela engaqhelekanga njengokukhuthaza ukwanda, ukwahlula kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ze-dendritic, ukuphucula umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-mononuclear macrophages kunye neeseli ezibulalayo zendalo, kunye nokuthintela iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ekuhlaseleni umntu. umzimba.Okwesibini, i-Lingzhi inokuphucula imisebenzi ye-humor kunye ne-cell immune efana nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) kunye ne-Immunoglobulin G (IgG), ukwandisa ukwanda kwe-T lymphocytes kunye ne-B lymphocytes, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-cytokine interleukin-1 (IL- 1), i-Interleukin-2 (IL-2) kunye ne-interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Ukugonywa kwe-Humoral kunye nokukhuseleka kweeseli zenza umgca wokukhusela onzulu womzimba ngokuchasene nentsholongwane kunye nosulelo lwebhaktheriya.Banokutshixa iithagethi ezithile zokukhusela ngakumbi kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezihlasela umzimba.Xa umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba uphantsi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, i-Lingzhi inokuphucula nokusebenza komzimba.

Ukongeza, i-Lingzhi inokunciphisa ukudumba okubangelwa yintsholongwane kunye nomonakalo wentsholongwane kumalungu abalulekileyo afana nemiphunga, intliziyo, isibindi, izintso, kunye nokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezichasene ne-oxidant kunye ne-free radical scavenging.Kumcimbi wama-75 we "GANODERMA", ingasetyenziselwa ireferensi ukuba ukubaluleka kwe-anti-oxidant kunye ne-free radical scavenging effects of.I-Ganoderma lucidumekuthinteleni kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo kuxoxwa ngokukodwa kwinqaku elithi "Lingzhi - Ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo ngeNdlela efanayo".

Ukususela ngo-1980, kukho iingxelo zophando malunga nemiphumo ye-antiviral ye-Lingzhi.Uninzi lwezi zifundo zisebenzise iimodeli zeseli ezosulelwe yintsholongwane kwi-vitro, kwaye izifundo zomntu ngamnye zasebenzisa imifuziselo yezilwanyana yosulelo lwentsholongwane ukujonga iziphumo zeLingzhi.

Amanqaku ekholamu epapashwe nguNjingalwazi uZhibin Lin kwimiba engama-46, engama-58, kunye nengama-75 ye “GANODERMA”

Anti-hepatitis virus

UZhang Zheng et al.(1989) wafumanisa ukubaGanoderma applanatum,Ganoderma atrumkwayeGanoderma capenseinokuthintela i-virus ye-hepatitis B i-DNA polymerase (i-HBV-DNA polymerase), ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwe-HBV-DNA kwaye inqanda ukukhutshwa kwe-antigen ye-hepatitis B ebusweni (HBsAg) nge-PLC/PRF/5 iiseli (iiseli zomhlaza wesibindi somntu).

Abaphandi baye baqaphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antiviral yechiza kwimodeli ye-hepatitis yedada.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ulawulo lomlomo lweGanoderma applanatum(50 mg/kg) kabini ngosuku kangangeentsuku ezili-10 ezilandelelanayo kunokunciphisa iziphumo zentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B yedada i-DNA polymerase (DDAP) kunye nentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B yedada i-DNA (DDNA) yamadada amancinci asulelwe yintsholongwane ye-duck hepatitis B (DHBV), leyo ibonisa ukubaGanoderma applanatuminefuthe elithintelayo kwi-DHBV emzimbeni [1].

ULi YQ et al.(2006) ingxelo yokuba umhlaza wesibindi somntu i-HepG2 celllines transfected with HBV-DNA can express HBV surface antigen (HbsAg), HBV core antigen (HbcAg) kunye ne-HBV virus structural proteins, kwaye inokuvelisa ngokuzinzileyo amasuntswana entsholongwane e-hepatitis B aqolileyo.Iasidi yeGanoderic ekhutshwe kwiG. luciduminkcubeko medium umthamo-ngokuxhomekeka (1-8 μg/mL) inqanda intetho kunye nokuveliswa kwe-HBsAg (20%) kunye ne-HBcAg (44%), ebonisa ukuba i-ganoderic acid inqanda ukuphindaphinda kwe-HBV kwiiseli zesibindi [2].

Anti-influenza virus

Zhu Yutong (1998) wafumanisa ukuba isitofu gavage okanye intraperitoneal ofG. applanatumisicatshulwa (i-decoction yamanzi okanye i-infusion ebandayo) inokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokusinda kunye nexesha lokusinda kweempuku ezosulelwe yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane we-FM1, ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe elingcono lokukhusela [3].

UMothana RA et al.(2003) yafumanisa ukuba i-ganodermadiol, i-lucidadiol kunye ne-applanoxidic acid G ekhutshwe kwaye ihlanjululwe kwi-G. pfeifferi yaseYurophu ibonise imisebenzi ye-antiviral echasene ne-influenza A virus kunye ne-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).I-ED50 ye-ganodermadiol yokukhusela iiseli ze-MDCK (iiseli ze-epithelioid ezithathwe kwi-canine kidney) ngokuchasene nosulelo lwe-influenza A yi-0.22 mmol/L.I-ED50 (idosi eyi-50% esebenzayo) ekhusela iiseli ze-Vero (iiseli zezintso zenkawu eziluhlaza zase-Afrika) ngokuchasene nosulelo lwe-HSV-1 ngu-0.068 mmol/L.I-ED50 ye-ganodermadiol kunye ne-applanoxidic acid G ngokuchasene nosulelo lwe-influenza A yi-0.22 mmol / L kunye ne-0.19 mmol / L, ngokulandelelana [4].

Anti-HIV

UKim et al.(1996) wafumanisa ukuba inxalenye ephantsi yobunzima bemolekyuli yeG. lucidumIsiqhamo samanzi omzimba esineziqhamo kunye nenxalenye engathathi hlangothi kunye ne-alkaline yesicatshulwa se-methanol inokuthintela ukwanda kwentsholongwane ye-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [5].

El-Mekkawy et al.(1998) ingxelo yokuba i-triterpenoids ihlukanisiwe kwisicatshulwa se-methanol yeG. lucidumimizimba fruiting babe anti-HIV-1 iziphumo cytopathic kwaye zibonisa umsebenzi inhibitory kwi-HIV protease kodwa akukho nefuthe inhibitory kumsebenzi HIV-1 reverse transcriptase [6].

Min et al.(1998) yafumanisa ukuba i-ganoderic acid B, i-lucidumol B, i-ganodermanondiol, i-ganodermanontriol kunye ne-ganolucidic acid A ekhutshweG. lucidumi-spores zinempembelelo enamandla yokuthintela kwi-HIV-1 umsebenzi we-protease [7].

Sato N et al.(2009) yafumanisa ukuba i-lanostane-type triterpenoids entsha eneoksijini eninzi [ganodenic acid GS-2, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N, 20(21)-dehydrolucidenic acid N kunye neganederol F] ibekwe yodwa kumzimba weziqhamoI-Ganoderma lucidumibe nempembelelo yokuthintela kwi-HIV-1 protease kunye ne-concentration ye-inhibitory ephakathi (IC50) njenge-20-40 μm [8].

Yu Xiongtao et al.(2012) ingxelo ukubaG. lucidumisicatshulwa samanzi se-spore sinempembelelo yokuthintela kwi-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) eyosulela iiseli ze-CEM×174 zomgca weseli ye-T lymphocyte yabantu, kunye ne-IC50 yayo yi-66.62±20.21 mg/L.Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthintela i-SIV ekubhengezeni ukuya nokungena kwiiseli kwisigaba sokuqala sosulelo lwentsholongwane ye-SIV, kwaye inokunciphisa inqanaba le-SIV capsid protein p27 [9].

Anti-Herpes Virus

I-Eo SK (1999) ilungiselele izicatshulwa ezibini ezinyibilikayo emanzini (i-GLhw kunye ne-GLlw) kunye ne-methanol e-8 (i-GLMe-1-8) evela kwimizimba yeziqhamoG. lucidum.Umsebenzi wabo we-antiviral wavavanywa ngovavanyo lwe-cytopathic effect (CPE) kunye novavanyo lokunciphisa i-plaque.Phakathi kwabo, i-GLhw, i-GLMe-1, i-GLMe-2, i-GLMe-4, kunye ne-GLMe-7 ibonisa iziphumo ezicacileyo zokuthintela kwi-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) kunye nohlobo lwe-2 (HSV-2), kunye ne-vesicular stomatitis intsholongwane (VSV) Indiana kunye New Jersey iintlobo.Kwi-assay yokunciphisa i-plaque, i-GLhw inhibited plaque formation ye-HSV-2 kunye ne-EC50 ye-590 kunye ne-580μg / mL kwi-Vero kunye ne-HEp-2 iiseli, kunye ne-selectivity indices (SI) yi-13.32 kunye ne-16.26.I-GLMe-4 ayizange ibonise i-cytotoxicity ukuya kwi-1000 μg / ml, ngelixa ibonisa umsebenzi onamandla we-antiviral kwi-VSV New Jersey strain kunye ne-SI engaphezulu kwe-5.43 [10].

OH KW et al.(2000) yahlula iprotheni ene-acidic eboshwe i-polysaccharide (APBP) ukusuka kwi-carpophores ye-Ganoderma lucidum.I-APBP ibonise umsebenzi onamandla we-antiviral ngokumelene ne-HSV-1 kunye ne-HSV-2 kwiiseli ze-Vero kwi-EC50 yayo ye-300 kunye ne-440μg / mL, ngokulandelanayo.I-APBP yayingenayo i-cytotoxicity kwiiseli zeVero ekugxininiseni kwe-1 x 10 (4) μg / ml.I-APBP ineempembelelo ze-synergistic inhibitory kwi-HSV-1 kunye ne-HSV-2 xa idibene ne-anti-herpes iyeza i-Aciclovir, i-Ara-A okanye i-interferonγ (IFN-γ) ngokulandelanayo [11, 12].

ULiu Jing et al.(2005) yafumanisa ukuba i-GLP, i-polysaccharide yodwaG. lucidummycelium, inokuthintela usulelo lweeseli zeVero ngeHSV-1.I-GLP ithintele usulelo lwe-HSV-1 kumanqanaba okuqala osulelo kodwa ayinakunqanda ukuhlanganiswa kwentsholongwane kunye ne-biological macromolecules [13].

Iwatsuki K et al.(2003) yafumanisa ukuba iindidi ze-triterpenoids zikhutshwe kwaye zihlanjululweI-Ganoderma lucidumzineempembelelo ezithintelayo kwi-antigen ye-Epstein-Barr yokuqala (EBV-EA) kwiiseli zeRaji (iiseli ze-lymphoma yabantu) [14].

UZheng DS et al.(2017) yafumanisa ukuba i-triterpenoids emihlanu ikhutshwe kuyoG. lucidum,kubandakanywa i-ganoderic acid A, i-ganoderic acid B, kunye ne-ganoderol B, i-ganodermanontriol kunye ne-ganodermanondiol, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) iiseli ze-5-8 F ezikhuliswe kwi-vitro, zibonisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela kuzo zombini i-EBV EA kunye ne-CA activation kunye nokuthintela i-telomerase. umsebenzi.Ezi ziphumo zibonelele ngobungqina bokusetyenziswa kweziG. lucidumi-triterpenoids kunyango lwe-NPC [15].

Anti-Newcastle Disease Virus

Intsholongwane yesifo iNewcastle luhlobo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka, enosulelo oluphezulu kunye nobungozi phakathi kweentaka.Shamaki BU et al.(2014) wafumanisa ukubaI-Ganoderma lucidumisicatshulwa se-methanol, i-n-butanol kunye ne-ethyl acetate inokuthintela umsebenzi we-neuraminidase we-virus ye-Newcastle yesifo [16].

Anti-Dengue Virus

Lim WZ et al.(2019) yafumanisa ukuba izicatshulwa zamanzi zeG. lucidumkwifom ye-antler ivimbele umsebenzi we-DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease kwi-84.6 ± 0.7%, ephezulu kunesiqhelo.G. lucidum[17] .

Bharadwaj S et al.(2019) baqeshe indlela yokuhlola ebonakalayo kunye novavanyo lwe-vitro ukuqikelela amandla e-triterpenoids esebenzayo ukusukaI-Ganoderma lucidumkwaye wafumanisa ukuba i-ganodermanontriol ikhutshwe kuyoI-Ganoderma luciduminokuthintela intsholongwane yedengue (DENV) NS2B -NS3 protease umsebenzi [18].

I-Anti-Enterovirus

I-Enterovirus 71 (EV71) yeyona pathogen yesandla, inyawo kunye nesifo somlomo, ebangela ukuba kube neengxaki ezibulalayo ze-neurological and systemic kubantwana.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku awekho amachiza alwa nentsholongwane egazini avunyiweyo anokuthi asetyenziswe ukunqanda kunye nokunyanga olu sulelo lwentsholongwane.

UZhang W et al.(2014) wafumanisa ukuba ezimbiniI-Ganoderma lucidumi-triterpenoids (GLTs), kuquka i-Lanosta-7,9 (11), i-24-trien-3-enye, i-15; i-26-dihydroxy (i-GLTA) kunye ne-Ganoderic acid Y (GLTB), ibonisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-anti-EV71 ngaphandle kwe-cytotoxicity.

Iziphumo zicebise ukuba i-GLTA kunye ne-GLTB zithintele usulelo lwe-EV71 ngokusebenzisana nesuntswana lentsholongwane ukuthintela i-adsorption yentsholongwane kwiiseli.Ukongeza, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-EV71 virion kunye neekhompawundi zaqikelelwa yi-computer ye-molecular docking, ebonisa ukuba i-GLTA kunye ne-GLTB inokubophelela kwiprotheni ye-capsid ye-viral kwi-pocket ye-hydrophobic (indawo ye-F), kwaye ngoko inokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-EV71.Ngaphezu koko, babonise ukuba i-GLTA kunye ne-GLTB zinqanda kakhulu ukuphindaphinda kwe-RNA yentsholongwane (vRNA) ye-EV71 yokuphindaphinda ngokuthintela i-EV71 ukukhutshwa [19].

Isishwankathelo kunye nengxoxo
Iziphumo zophando ezingentla zibonisa ukuba i-Lingzhi, ngakumbi i-triterpenoids equlethwe kuyo, inempembelelo yokuthintela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane.Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba indlela yokulwa nosulelo lwentsholongwane ibandakanya ukuthintela ukungena kunye nokungena kweentsholongwane kwiiseli, ukuthintela ukusebenza kwentsholongwane yokuqala ye-antigen, inqanda umsebenzi wezinye ii-enzymes ezifunekayo kwi-virus synthesis kwiiseli, ukuthintela i-viral DNA okanye i-RNA ukuphindaphinda I-cytotoxicity kwaye inefuthe le-synergistic xa idityaniswe neziyobisi ezaziwayo ze-antiviral.Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngobungqina bophando olongezelelweyo kwiimpembelelo ze-antiviral ze-Lingzhi triterpenoids.

Ukuphonononga ukusebenza kwekliniki ekhoyo yeLingzhi ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni izifo zentsholongwane egazini, safumanisa ukuba iLingzhi inokuguqula iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc) ibe mibi kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwe-hepatitis B. Kodwa ngaphandle koko, kwi unyango lwe-herpes zoster, condyloma acuminatum kunye ne-AIDS ngokudityaniswa namachiza antiviral, asikhange sifumane ubungqina bokuba Lingzhi inokunqanda ngqo intsholongwane kwizigulane.Ukusebenza kweklinikhi yeLingzhi kwizifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunokunxulunyaniswa ubukhulu becala nefuthe layo lokugonyela umzimba, i-anti-oxidant kunye neziphumo zayo zokutshabalalisa ngokukhululekileyo kunye nefuthe layo lokukhusela kwi-organ okanye ukwenzakala kwezicubu.(Enkosi kuNjingalwazi uBaoxue Yang ngokulungisa eli nqaku.)

Iimbekiselo

1. UZhang Zheng, et al.Uphononongo loMfuniselo lwe-20 yeentlobo ze-Fungi zaseTshayina ezichasene ne-HBV.Journal yeYunivesithi yezoNyango yaseBeijing.1989, 21: 455-458.

2. Li YQ, et al.Imisebenzi ye-Anti-hepatitis B ye-ganoderic acid evelaI-Ganoderma lucidum.I-Biotechnol Lett, i-2006, i-28 (11): 837-841.

3. Zhu Yutong, et al.Impembelelo yoKhuseleko lweSicatshulwa seGanoderma applanatum(pers) pat.kwiiMice ezosulelekileyo nge-Influenza Virus FM1.Journal yaseGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.1998, 15 (3): 205-207.

4. UMothana RA, et al.I-antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes evela kumngundoGanoderma pfeifferi.IFitoterapia.2003, 74 (1-2): 177-180.

5. UKim BK.Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus Umsebenzi weI-Ganoderma lucidum.Ngo-1996 iSimpoziyam ye-Ganoderma yaMazwe ngaMazwe, iNtetho ekhethekileyo, eTaipei.

6. El-Mekkawy S, et al.Anti-HIV kunye anti-HIV-protease izinto ukusukaI-Ganoderma lucidum.IPhytochemistry.1998, 49(6): 1651-1657.

7. Min BS, et al.I-Triterpenes evela kwi-spores yeI-Ganoderma lucidumkunye nomsebenzi wabo wokuthintela ngokuchasene ne-HIV-1 protease.I-Chem Pharm Bull (eTokyo).1998, 46(10): 1607-1612.

8. USato N, et al.I-Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 umsebenzi weprotease we-lanostane-type triterpenoids entsha evelaGanoderma sinense.I-Chem Pharm Bull (eTokyo).2009, 57(10): 1076-1080.

9. Yu Xiongtao, et al.Uphononongo ngeempembelelo zokuThintelwa kweI-Ganoderma lucidumkwiSimian Immunodeficiency Virus in vitro.Ijenali yaseTshayina yoMfuniselo weFomu yezoNyango zesiNtu.2012, 18 (13): 173-177.

10. Eo SK, et al.Imisebenzi ye-Antiviral yamanzi ahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezinyibilikayo ze-methanol ezizimeleyoI-Ganoderma lucidum.J Ethnopharmacol.1999, 68(1-3): 129-136.

11. Owu KW, et al.Imisebenzi ye-Antiherpetic yeprotheni ene-acidic ebotshelelwe i-polysaccharide ekwantiI-Ganoderma lucidumiyodwa kwaye idibene ne-acyclovir kunye ne-vidarabine.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72(1-2): 221-227.

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★ Umbhalo wokuqala weli nqaku ubhalwe ngesiTshayina nguNjingalwazi uZhi-bin LIN waza waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi nguAlfred Liu.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwenguqulelo (isiNgesi) kunye neyoqobo (isiTshayina), isiTshayina sokuqala siya koyisa.

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