Chinyorwa/Zhi-bin LIN (purofesa weDhipatimendi rePharmacology, Peking University Chikoro cheBasic Medical Sayenzi)
★Chinyorwa ichi chakaburitswa kubva kuganodermanews.com.Inoburitswa nemvumo yemunyori.

Ko Lingzhi (inonziwo Ganoderma kana Reishi howa) inotamba sei antiviral mhedzisiro?Zvinogaro gamuchirwa kuti Lingzhi inodzivirira mavhairasi nenzira isina kunanga kupinda mumuviri wemunhu uye kuwanda nekukuvadza mumuviri nekusimudzira immune system.Lingzhi inogona zvakare kuderedza kuzvimba kunokonzerwa nehutachiona uye kukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzakakosha semapapu, moyo, chiropa neitsvo kuburikidza neayo anti-oxidative uye yemahara radical scaveging mhedzisiro.Mukuwedzera, kwave kune mishumo yekutsvakurudza kubva kuma1980 kuti Lingzhi, kunyanya triterpenoids iri mairi, ine inhibitory effect pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutachiona.

Muzvinafundo Zhi-bin LIN ave achiita tsvakurudzo yeLingzhipharmacology kwehafu yezana ramakore uye ari piyona mukutsvagisa kweLingzhi muChina.(Mufananidzo/Wu Tingyao)

Chirwere cheCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) chichiri kutenderera uye chapararira pasi rose.Kudzivirira nekudzora denda, kurapa varwere uye kupedza denda ndizvo zvinotarisirwa uye zvinotarisirwa neruzhinji rwevanhu.Kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvenhau, ndinofara kuona izvo zvakawandaGanoderma lucidumvagadziri vanopa zvekudzivirira denda uye zvigadzirwa zveLingzhi kunzvimbo dzedenda uye zvikwata zvekurapa kuHubei.Ndinovimba kuti Lingzhi inogona kubatsira kudzivirira inoveli coronavirus pneumonia uye kudzivirira vanachiremba nevarwere.

Honzeri yedenda iri ndeye 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).Pasati paine anti-novel coronavirus mishonga uye vaccine, nzira yekutanga uye inoshanda yaive yekuisa varwere vega, kuita zviratidzo uye kutsigira kurapwa, kuwedzera hutachiona, kudzivirira hutachiona kubva mukutapurira nekukuvadza nhengo dzakakosha uye matishu emuviri uye pakupedzisira kukunda chirwere.Kune vanhu vane hutachiona, kuwedzera immune system kunobatsira kudzivirira kurwisa kwehutachiona.

Pamusoro pezvo, vezvekurapa vari kuyedzawo kutsvaga mishonga inogona kurwisa hutachiona hutsva uhu kubva kune iripo antiviral mishonga.Pane makuhwa akawanda paInternet.Kuti zvinoshanda here kana kuti kwete hazvisati zvave zvichiongororwa nekiriniki.

Lingzhi inosimudzira anti-virus kugona kwe immune system.

Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidumuyeGanoderma sinensis) inzvimbo yepamutemo yechiChinese yemishonga inosanganisirwa muPharmacopoeia yePeople's Republic of China (Chikamu Chekutanga), maererano neiyo Lingzhi inogona kuwedzera qi, kudzikama tsinga, kubvisa kukosora uye asthma, uye inogona kushandiswa mukusagadzikana, kushaya hope, palpitation, kushomeka kwemapapu uye kukosora uye kufemereka, chirwere chekudya uye kutadza kufema, uye kurasikirwa nechido.Kusvika pari zvino, marudzi anopfuura zana emishonga yeLingzhi akatenderwa kuti atengeswe kudzivirira nekurapa zvirwere.

Zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvemishonga zvakaratidza kuti Lingzhi inogona kusimudzira mashandiro ezvirwere zvemuviri, kuramba kuneta, kuvandudza kurara, kuramba oxidation uye kuchenesa mahara radicals, uye kudzivirira moyo, uropi, mapapu, chiropa neitsvo.Yakave ichishandiswa nekiriniki mukurapa kana adjuvant kurapwa kwechisingaperi bronchitis, inodzokororwa yekufema turakiti zvirwere, asima uye zvimwe zvirwere.

Lingzhi inotamba sei antiviral mhedzisiro?Zvinogaro gamuchirwa kuti Lingzhi inodzivirira mavhairasi nenzira isina kunanga kupinda mumuviri wemunhu uye kuwanda nekukuvadza mumuviri nekusimudzira immune system.

Kunyange zvazvo utachiona hunotyisa zvikuru, hunozopedzisira hwabviswa mukutarisana nekudzivirira kwakasimba.Izvi zvakakurukurwa muchinyorwa "Lingzhi Enhances Immunity" chakaburitswa muchikamu chemakumi mashanu nesere che "GANODERMA" uye chinyorwa "Nheyo yeGanoderma lucidumKudzivirira Influenza - Kana pane hutano hwakakwana qi mukati, pathogenic zvinhu hazvina nzira yekupinda nayo muviri "yakabudiswa munyaya ye46 ye "GANODERMA".

Muchidimbu, imwe ndeyekuti Lingzhi inogona kusimudzira mabasa emuviri asiri chaiwo ekudzivirira kwemuviri sekusimudzira kuwanda, kusiyanisa uye kushanda kwemasero edendritic, kuwedzera basa rephagocytic remononuclear macrophages uye masero anouraya echisikigo, nekudzivirira mavhairasi nemabhakitiriya kuti asapinda mumunhu. muviri.Chechipiri, Lingzhi inogona kusimudzira mashandiro ehumoral uye cellular immune immune sekusimudzira kugadzirwa kweImmunoglobulin M (IgM) uye Immunoglobulin G (IgG), kuwedzera kuwanda kweT lymphocytes uye B lymphocytes, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwe cytokine interleukin-1 (IL- 1), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) uye interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Humoral immune immune uye cellular immune system inoumba mutsara wakadzama wedziviriro kubva kuhutachiona uye hutachiona hwehutachiona.Ivo vanogona kukiya zvakanangwa kuti vawedzere kudzivirira uye kubvisa mavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya anopinda mumuviri.Kana immune system yakadzikira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, Lingzhi inogona zvakare kuvandudza immune system.

Pamusoro pezvo, Lingzhi inogona zvakare kuderedza kuzvimba kunokonzerwa nehutachiona uye kukuvadzwa kwehutachiona kunhengo dzakakosha semapapu, moyo, chiropa, itsvo, uye kudzivirira kana kuderedza zviratidzo kuburikidza neayo anti-oxidant uye yemahara radical scaveging mhedzisiro.Muchikamu chemakumi manomwe neshanu che "GANODERMA", inogona kushandiswa kureva kuti kukosha kwe anti-oxidant uye mahara radical scavenging mhedzisiro yeGanoderma lucidummukudzivirira nekurapa zvirwere zvinonyanya kukurukurwa munyaya yakanzi "Lingzhi - Kurapa Zvirwere Zvakasiyana Nenzira Imwe".

Kubva kuma1980, kwave nekutsvagisa mishumo pamusoro peiyo antiviral mhedzisiro yeLingzhi.Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo izvi zvakashandisa hutachiona-ane hutachiona hwemasero emu vitro, uye zvidzidzo zvega zvega zvakashandisa mhando dzemhuka dzehutachiona hwehutachiona kutarisa antiviral mhedzisiro yeLingzhi.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa naProfessor Zhibin Lin muZvinyorwa 46, 58, ne75 zve“GANODERMA”

Anti-hepatitis virus

Zhang Zheng et al.(1989) vakawana izvozvoGanoderma applanatum,Ganoderma atrumuyeGanoderma capenseinogona kuvharidzira hutachiona hwehepatitis B DNA polymerase (HBV-DNA polymerase), kuderedza kudzokororwa kweHBV-DNA uye kurambidza kubuda kwehepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) nePLC/PRF/5 masero (masero ekenza yechiropa).

Vatsvakurudzi vakacherechedza zvakare kushanda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona pamhando yedhadha hepatitis.Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti oral administration yeGanoderma applanatum(50 mg/kg) kaviri pazuva kwemazuva gumi akatevedzana anogona kuderedza mhedzisiro yedhadha hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase (DDAP) uye duck hepatitis B virus DNA (DDNA) yemadhadha madiki ane dhadha hepatitis B virus (DHBV), iyo zvinoratidza kutiGanoderma applanatumine inhibitory mhedzisiro paDHBV mumuviri [1].

Li YQ nevamwe.(2006) yakashuma kuti kenza yechiropa chevanhu HepG2 sero mitsara inotapukirwa neHBV-DNA inogona kuratidza HBV pamusoro antigen (HbsAg), HBV core antigen (HbcAg) uye HBV hutachiona hwemapuroteni emapuroteni, uye inogona kuburitsa yakakura hepatitis B viral particles.Ganoderic acid yakabviswa kubvaG. lucidumtsika yepakati dhigirii-inotsamira (1-8 μg/mL) yakadzivisa kutaura uye kugadzirwa kweHBsAg (20%) uye HBcAg (44%), zvichiratidza kuti ganoderic acid yakadzivisa kudzokorora kweHBV mumasero echiropa [2].

Anti-fluenza virus

Zhu Yutong (1998) akawana kuti gavage kana intraperitoneal jekiseni reG. applanatuminobvisa (decoction yemvura kana kutonhora infusion) inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya chiyero chekupona uye nguva yekupona yemakonzo ane hutachiona hwefuruwenza FM1 strain, nekudaro kuve nekudzivirira kurinani [3].

Mothana RA et al.(2003) yakawana kuti ganodermadiol, lucidadiol uye applanoxidic acid G yakatorwa uye yakacheneswa kubva kuEurope G. pfeifferi yakaratidza maitiro ekurwisa hutachiona hwefuruwenza A uye herpes simplex virus rudzi rwekutanga (HSV-1).Iyo ED50 yeganodermadiol yekudzivirira MDCK maseru (epithelioid masero anobva ku canine itsvo) kurwisa furuwenza A virus utachiona i0.22 mmol/L.Iyo ED50 (50% inoshanda dosi) inodzivirira Vero cell (African green tsoko masero eitsvo) pautachiona hweHSV-1 i0.068 mmol/L.Iyo ED50 yeganodermadiol uye applanoxidic acid G inopesana nehutachiona hwefuruwenza A yaive 0.22 mmol/L uye 0.19 mmol/L, zvichiteerana [4].

Anti-HIV

Kim et al.(1996) akawana kuti yakaderera molecular uremu chikamu cheG. lucidummichero yemvura yemuviri inobvisa uye iyo isina kwayakarerekera uye alkaline chikamu chemethanol inobvisa inogona kutadzisa kuwanda kwehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [5].

El-Mekkawy et al.(1998) yakashuma kuti triterpenoids yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune methanol yakabudiswa yeG. lucidumMitumbi inobereka michero ine anti-HIV-1 cytopathic mhedzisiro uye inoratidza inhibitory chiitiko paHIV protease asi haina inhibitory mhedzisiro pabasa reHIV-1 reverse transcriptase [6].

Min et al.(1998) akawana kuti ganoderic acid B, lucidumol B, ganodermanondiol, ganodermanontriol uye ganolucidic acid A yakatorwa kubvaG. lucidumspores ine inhibitory yakasimba paHIV-1 protease chiitiko [7].

Sato N et al.(2009) yakawana kuti itsva yakanyanya oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids [ganodenic acid GS-2, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N, 20 (21) -dehydrolucidenic acid N uye ganederol F] yakaparadzana kubva kune fruiting body ofGanoderma lucidumine inhibitory effect paHIV-1 protease ine median inhibitory concentration (IC50) se 20-40 μm [8].

Yu Xiongtao et al.(2012) vakataura izvozvoG. lucidumSpore water extract ine inhibitory effect paSimian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) inobata CEM×174 masero emunhu T lymphocyte cell line, uye IC50 yayo i66.62±20.21 mg/L.Basa rayo guru nderokudzivisa SIV kubva pakushambadza kuenda nekupinda mumaseru mukutanga kweSIV utachiona hwehutachiona, uye inogona kuderedza kutaura kweSIV capsid protein p27 [9].

Anti-Herpes Virus

Eo SK (1999) yakagadzira zvinyorwa zviviri zvinonyungudika nemvura (GLhw uye GLlw) uye zvisere zvemethanol (GLMe-1-8) kubva kumitumbi inobereka michero.G. lucidum.Chiitiko chavo cheantiviral chakaongororwa necytopathic athari (CPE) inhibition bvunzo uye bvunzo yekudzikisa plaque.Pakati pavo, GLhw, GLMe-1, GLMe-2, GLMe-4, uye GLMe-7 inoratidza pachena inhibition mhedzisiro paherpes simplex virus mhando 1 (HSV-1) uye mhando 2 (HSV-2), pamwe ne vesicular stomatitis. hutachiona (VSV) Indiana neNew Jersey strains.Muyedzo yekudzikisa plaque, GLhw inhibited plaque kugadzirwa kweHSV-2 ine EC50 ye590 uye 580μg/mL muVero uye HEp-2 masero, uye ayo selectivity indices (SI) aiva 13.32 uye 16.26.GLMe-4 haina kuratidza cytotoxicity kusvika ku1000 μg/ml, nepo yakaratidza simba rinopesana nehutachiona paVSV New Jersey strain ine SI yeanopfuura 5.43 [10].

OH KW et al.(2000) yakaparadzanisa acidic protein yakasungwa polysaccharide (APBP) kubva ku carpophores yeGanoderma lucidum.APBP yakaratidza simba rinopesana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunopesana neHSV-1 uye HSV-2 muVero masero paEC50 yayo ye300 uye 440μg/mL, zvichiteerana.APBP yakanga isina cytotoxicity paVero masero pamusangano we1 x 10 (4) μg/ml.APBP ine synergistic inhibitory madhara paHSV-1 uye HSV-2 kana yakabatanidzwa nemishonga inorwisa herpes Aciclovir, Ara-A kana interferonγ (IFN-γ) maererano [11, 12].

Liu Jing et al.(2005) akawana kuti GLP, polysaccharide yakaparadzaniswa kubvaG. lucidummycelium, inogona kuvharidzira kutapukirwa kweVero masero neHSV-1.Iyo GLP yakavharira HSV-1 hutachiona pamatanho ekutanga ehutachiona asi haigone kutadzisa kuumbwa kwehutachiona uye biological macromolecules [13].

Iwatsuki K et al.(2003) vakawana kuti akasiyana triterpenoids akatorwa uye akanatswa kubvaGanoderma lucidumvane inhibitory mhedzisiro pakuiswa kweEpstein-Barr virus yekutanga antigen (EBV-EA) muRaji masero (human lymphoma masero) [14].

Zheng DS et al.(2017) akawana kuti shanu triterpenoids yakatorwa kubvaG. lucidum,kusanganisira ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid B, uye ganoderol B, ganodermanontriol uye ganodermanondiol, inoderedza zvakanyanya kushanda kwenasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 5-8 F masero akagadzirwa mu vitro, anoratidza zvakakosha inhibitory migumisiro pane zvose EBV EA uye CA activation uye inhibit telomerase. chiitiko.Mhinduro idzi dzakapa humbowo hwekushandiswa kweizviG. lucidumtriterpenoids mukurapa kweNPC [15].

Anti-Newcastle Disease Virus

Utachiona hweNewcastle disease imhando yehutachiwana hweavian influenza, hune utachiona hwakanyanya uye hunouraya pakati peshiri.Shamaki BU et al.(2014) vakawana izvozvoGanoderma lucidumzvinyorwa zve methanol, n-butanol uye ethyl acetate zvinogona kudzivisa neuraminidase basa reNewcastle chirwere chetachiona [16].

Anti-Dengue Virus

Lim WZ nevamwe.(2019) yakaona kuti madhiri emvura eG. lucidummune yayo antler fomu yakavharira iyo DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease chiitiko pa84.6 ± 0.7%, yakakwirira kupfuura yakajairwa.G. lucidum[17] .

Bharadwaj S et al.(2019) yakashandisa nzira yekuongorora uye in vitro bvunzo kufanotaura kugona kweiyo inoshanda triterpenoids kubva.Ganoderma lucidumuye akawana kuti ganodermanontriol yakabviswa kubvaGanoderma luciduminogona inhibit dengue virus (DENV) NS2B -NS3 protease basa [18].

Anti-Enterovirus

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) ndiyo hosha huru yechirwere chemaoko, tsoka nemuromo, zvichikonzera kuuraya kwetsinga uye systemic matambudziko muvana.Nekudaro, parizvino hapana kiriniki inotenderwa antiviral mishonga inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira nekurapa hutachiona uhu.

Zhang W et al.(2014) vakawana kuti vaviriGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids (GLTs), kusanganisira Lanosta-7,9 (11), 24-trien-3-imwe, 15; 26-dihydroxy (GLTA) uye Ganoderic acid Y (GLTB), inoratidza zvakakosha zvinopesana neEV71 mabasa pasina cytotoxicity.

Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti GLTA neGLTB inodzivirira kutapukira kweEV71 kuburikidza nekudyidzana nehutachiona hwehutachiona kudzivirira kushambadza kwehutachiona kumaseru.Pamusoro pezvo, kupindirana pakati peEV71 virion nemakomponi kwakafanotaurwa nekombuta molecular docking, iyo yakaratidza kuti GLTA neGLTB inogona kusunga kune hutachiona hwecapsid protein pane hydrophobic pocket (F saiti), uye nekudaro inogona kuvharira uncoating yeEV71.Uyezve, vakaratidza kuti GLTA neGLTB zvakanyanya kurambidza kudzokororwa kwehutachiona RNA (vRNA) yeEV71 kudzokorora kuburikidza nekuvhara EV71 uncoating [19].

Pfupiso nehurukuro
Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti Lingzhi, kunyanya iyo triterpenoids irimo, ine inhibitory mhedzisiro pamhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona.Kuongorora kwekutanga kunoratidza kuti maitiro ayo ekurwisa hutachiona anosanganisira kuvharidzira kushambadza uye kupinda kwevhairasi mumasero, kuvharidzira kuita hutachiona hwekutanga antigen, kuvharidzira kuita kwemamwe ma enzymes anodiwa kusanganiswa kwehutachiona mumasero, kuvhara hutachiona hweDNA kana RNA kudzokorora pasina. cytotoxicity uye ine synergistic mhedzisiro kana yasanganiswa neanozivikanwa antiviral zvinodhaka.Mhedzisiro iyi inopa humbowo hwekuwedzera kutsvagisa nezve antiviral mhedzisiro yeLingzhi triterpenoids.

Tichiongorora makiriniki aripo eLingzhi mukudzivirira nekurapa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi, takaona kuti Lingzhi inogona kushandura zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehepatitis B (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc) kuita zvakaipa mukudzivirira nekurapa hepatitis B. Asi kunze kweizvi, mu kurapwa kweherpes zoster, condyloma acuminatum neAIDS pamwe chete nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, hatina kuwana uchapupu hwokuti Lingzhi inogona kuvharidzira zvakananga utachiona muvarwere.Kushanda kwekiriniki kweLingzhi pazvirwere zvehutachiona kunogona kunyanya kuenderana neiyo immunomodulatory effect, inorwisa-oxidant uye yemahara radical scavenging mhedzisiro uye kudzivirira kwayo pakukuvara kwenhengo kana matishu.(Tinotenda Purofesa Baoxue Yang nekugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi.)

References

1. Zhang Zheng, nevamwe.Kuongorora Kwekuedza kweMarudzi makumi maviri eChinese Fungi Kurwisa HBV.Journal yeBeijing Medical University.1989, 21: 455-458.

2. Li YQ, nevamwe.Anti-hepatitis B mabasa eganoderic acid kubvaGanoderma lucidum.Biotechnol Lett, 2006, 28(11): 837-841.

3. Zhu Yutong, et al.Protective Effect of Extract ofGanoderma applanatum(pers) pat.paMbeva Dzakabatwa neInfluenza Virus FM1.Journal yeGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.1998, 15(3): 205-207.

4. Mothana RA, nevamwe.Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes kubva kune fungusGanoderma pfeifferi.Fitoterapia.2003, 74(1-2): 177–180.

5. Kim BK.Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus Chiitiko cheGanoderma lucidum.1996 International Ganoderma Symposium, Special Lecture, Taipei.

6. El-Mekkawy S, nevamwe.Anti-HIV uye anti-HIV-protease zvinhu kubvaGanoderma lucidum.Phytochemistry.1998, 49(6): 1651-1657.

7. Min BS, et al.Triterpenes kubva kune sporesGanoderma lucidumuye basa ravo rekudzivirira kurwisa HIV-1 protease.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).1998, 46(10): 1607-1612.

8. Sato N, nevamwe.Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease chiitiko chetsva lanostane-type triterpenoids kubvaGanoderma sinense.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).2009, 57(10): 1076-1080.

9. Yu Xiongtao, nevamwe.Kudzidza pamusoro peMigumisiro yekudzivisa kweGanoderma lucidumpane Simian Imunodeficiency Virus in vitro.Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae.2012, 18(13): 173-177.

10. Eo SK, nevamwe.Antiviral zviitiko zvezvakasiyana mvura uye methanol soluble zvinhu zvakaparadzaniswa kubvaGanoderma lucidum.J Ethnopharmacol.1999, 68(1-3): 129-136.

11. Oh KW, nevamwe.Antiherpetic zviitiko zve acidic protein yakasungwa polysaccharide yakaparadzaniswa kubvaGanoderma lucidumyoga uye pamwe chete neacyclovir uye vidarabine.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72(1-2): 221-227.

12. Kim YS, nevamwe.Antiherpetic zviitiko zve acidic protein yakasungwa polysaccharide yakaparadzaniswa kubvaGanoderma lucidumoga uye musanganiswa ne interferon.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72(3): 451-458.

13. Liu Jing, nevamwe.Kudzivirirwa kweHerpes Simplex Virus Kutapukirwa neGLP Isolated kubva kuMycelium yeGanoderma Lucidum.Virologica Sinica.2005, 20(4): 362-365.

14. Iwatsuki K, nevamwe.Lucidenic acids P uye Q, methyl lucidenate P, uye mamwe triterpenoids kubva kufungus.Ganoderma lucidumuye yavo inhibitory mhedzisiro paEpstein-Barrvirus activation.J Nat Prod.2003, 66(12): 1582-1585.

15. Zheng DS, nevamwe.Triterpenoids kubvaGanoderma luciduminhibit activation yeEBV antigens se telomerase inhibitors.Exp Ther Med.2017, 14(4): 3273-3278.

16. Shamaki BU, et al.Methanolic soluble zvikamu zveengzhi orreishimedicinal mushroom,Ganoderma lucidum(yepamusoro Basidiomycetes) inobvisa inhibit neuraminidase basa muNewcastle diseasevirus (LaSota).Int J Med Howa.2014, 16(6): 579-583.

17. Lim WZ, nevamwe.Kuzivikanwa kwemakomponi anoshanda mukatiGanoderma lucidumvar.antler extract inhibiting dengue virus serine protease uye zvidzidzo zvayo zvemakomputa.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2019, 24: 1-16.

18. Bharadwaj S, nevamwe.Discovery ofGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids sezvinogona inhibitors kurwisa Dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease.Sci Rep. 2019, 9(1): 19059.

19. Zhang W, nevamwe.Antiviral madhara maviriGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids kurwisa enterovirus 71 utachiona.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014, 449(3): 307-312.

★ Mavhesi ekutanga echinyorwa ichi akanyorwa neChinese naProfessor Zhi-bin LIN uye akashandurirwa muchiRungu naAlfred Liu.Kana paine mutsauko pakati peshanduro (yeChirungu) neyekutanga (Chinese), iyo yekutanga Chinese ichakunda.

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