Zolemba/Zhi-bin LIN (pulofesa wa Dipatimenti ya Pharmacology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences)
★Nkhaniyi yatulutsidwa kuchokera ku ganodermanews.com.Imasindikizidwa ndi chilolezo cha wolemba.

Kodi Lingzhi (wotchedwanso Ganoderma kapena Reishi bowa) amasewera bwanji ma antiviral?Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti Lingzhi amalepheretsa m'njira zina mavairasi kuti asalowe m'thupi la munthu ndikuchulukana ndikuwononga thupi polimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi.Lingzhi amathanso kuchepetsa kutupa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kachilomboka komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga mapapo, mtima, chiwindi ndi impso kudzera mu anti-oxidative komanso ma free radical scavenging.Kuonjezera apo, pakhala pali malipoti ofufuza kuyambira m'ma 1980 kuti Lingzhi, makamaka triterpenoids yomwe ili mmenemo, imakhala ndi zotsatira zolepheretsa mavairasi osiyanasiyana.

Pulofesa Zhi-bin LIN wakhala akuchita kafukufuku wa Lingzhipharmacology kwa theka la zaka ndipo ndi mpainiya pakufufuza kwa Lingzhi ku China.(Chithunzi / Wu Tingyao)

Matenda a Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) akadali kufalikira ndipo afalikira padziko lonse lapansi.Kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliri, kuchiza odwala ndi kuthetsa mliri ndizomwe zimayembekezeka komanso udindo wa anthu onse.Kuchokera ku nkhani zosiyanasiyana zoulutsira nkhani, ndasangalala kuona zimeneziGanoderma lucidumopanga amapereka zinthu zopewera miliri ndi zinthu za Lingzhi kumadera omwe ali ndi mliri komanso magulu azachipatala ku Hubei.Ndikukhulupirira kuti Lingzhi atha kuthandiza kupewa chibayo chatsopano cha coronavirus ndikuteteza madokotala ndi odwala.

Woyambitsa mliriwu ndi buku la 2019 la coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).Pasanakhale mankhwala ndi katemera wa anti-novel coronavirus, njira yakale komanso yothandiza kwambiri inali yokhazikitsira odwala, kupereka chithandizo chodziwikiratu komanso chothandizira, kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi, kuteteza ma virus kuti asapatsire ndi kuwononga ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndi minofu yathupi ndikugonjetsa matendawa.Kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kulimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi kumathandizira kukana ma virus.

Kuphatikiza apo, azachipatala akuyesanso kupeza mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi kachilombo katsopano kameneka kuchokera kumankhwala omwe alipo kale.Pali mphekesera zambiri pa intaneti.Kaya ndizothandiza kapena ayi sizinatsimikizidwebe ndichipatala.

Lingzhi imapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.

Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidumndiGanoderma sinensis) ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China omwe akuphatikizidwa mu Pharmacopoeia ya People's Republic of China (Gawo Loyamba), malinga ndi zomwe Lingzhi amatha kuwonjezera qi, minyewa yodekha, kuchepetsa chifuwa ndi mphumu, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakupumula, kusowa tulo, palpitation, kusowa kwa mapapu ndi chifuwa ndi kupuma, matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kupuma movutikira, komanso kusowa kwa njala.Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira zana yamankhwala a Lingzhi yavomerezedwa kuti igulitsidwe pofuna kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda.

Kafukufuku wamakono azachipatala atsimikizira kuti Lingzhi imatha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi, kukana kutopa, kugona bwino, kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndikuchotsa ma radicals aulere, ndikuteteza mtima, ubongo, mapapo, chiwindi ndi impso.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kapena kuchiza matenda a bronchitis aakulu, matenda obwerezabwereza a kupuma, mphumu ndi matenda ena.

Kodi Lingzhi amasewera bwanji ma antiviral ake?Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti Lingzhi amalepheretsa m'njira zina mavairasi kuti asalowe m'thupi la munthu ndikuchulukana ndikuwononga thupi polimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi.

Ngakhale kuti kachilomboka ndi koopsa kwambiri, pamapeto pake chidzachotsedwa pamaso pa chitetezo champhamvu.Izi zakambidwa m'nkhani yakuti "Lingzhi Enhances Immunity" yofalitsidwa mu kope la 58 la "GANODERMA" ndi nkhani yakuti "Maziko aGanoderma lucidumKupewa Chimfine - Pamene pali qi yokwanira yathanzi mkati, zinthu za pathogenic zilibe njira yowonongera thupi" lofalitsidwa mu 46th nkhani ya "GANODERMA".

Mwachidule, imodzi ndi yakuti Lingzhi ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za chitetezo cha mthupi zomwe sizili zenizeni za thupi monga kulimbikitsa kuchulukana, kusiyanitsa ndi ntchito za maselo a dendritic, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya phagocytic ya macrophages a mononuclear ndi maselo akupha achilengedwe, ndikuletsa mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya kuti asalowe mwa munthu. thupi.Chachiwiri, Lingzhi amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za chitetezo chamthupi komanso ma cell monga kulimbikitsa kupanga Immunoglobulin M (IgM) ndi Immunoglobulin G (IgG), kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa T lymphocytes ndi B lymphocytes, ndikulimbikitsa kupanga cytokine interleukin-1 (IL- 1), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) ndi interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Chitetezo cha Humoral ndi chitetezo cha ma cell ndizomwe zimateteza thupi ku ma virus ndi mabakiteriya.Amatha kutseka mipherezero kuti apitirize kuteteza ndikuchotsa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi.Chitetezo cha mthupi chikakhala chochepa chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, Lingzhi amathanso kusintha chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, Lingzhi amathanso kuchepetsa kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kachilomboka komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma virus ku ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga mapapo, mtima, chiwindi, impso, komanso kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro chifukwa cha anti-oxidant komanso ma free radical scavenging.Munkhani ya 75 ya "GANODERMA", itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kuti tanthauzo la anti-oxidant ndi free radical scavening zotsatira zaGanoderma lucidummu kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda amakambidwa makamaka m'nkhani yakuti "Lingzhi - Kuchiza Matenda Osiyana ndi Njira Yomweyi".

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980, pakhala pali malipoti a kafukufuku pa zotsatira za antiviral za Lingzhi.Ambiri mwa maphunzirowa adagwiritsa ntchito ma cell omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo kafukufuku wapayekha adagwiritsanso ntchito zitsanzo za nyama zamatenda a virus kuti aziwona mphamvu za Lingzhi.

Zolemba zomwe zidasindikizidwa ndi Pulofesa Zhibin Lin mu Mabuku 46, 58, ndi 75 a "GANODERMA"

Anti-hepatitis virus

Zhang Zheng et al.(1989) adapeza kutiGanoderma applanatum,Ganoderma atrumndiGanoderma capenseimatha kuletsa kachilombo ka hepatitis B DNA polymerase (HBV-DNA polymerase), kuchepetsa kugawanika kwa HBV-DNA ndikuletsa kutulutsa kwa hepatitis B pamwamba antigen (HBsAg) ndi PLC/PRF/5 maselo (ma cell a khansa ya chiwindi chamunthu).

Ofufuzawo adawonanso mphamvu yoletsa ma virus pamtundu wa hepatitis ya bakha.Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti kasamalidwe ka pakamwa kaGanoderma applanatum(50 mg/kg) kawiri pa tsiku kwa masiku 10 otsatizana akhoza kuchepetsa zotsatira za bakha hepatitis B HIV DNA polymerase (DDAP) ndi bakha chiwindi B kachilombo DNA (DDNA) a abakha aang'ono omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka bakha hepatitis B (DHBV), amene zikusonyeza kutiGanoderma applanatumimakhala ndi zoletsa pa DHBV m'thupi [1].

Li YQ et al.(2006) inanena kuti anthu chiwindi khansa HepG2 cell mizere transfected ndi HBV-DNA akhoza kufotokoza HBV pamwamba antigen (HbsAg), HBV pachimake antigen (HbcAg) ndi HBV HIV structural mapuloteni, ndipo akhoza stably kutulutsa okhwima a chiwindi B tizilombo particles.Ganoderic acid yotengedwa kuchokeraG. lucidumchikhalidwe chapakati-kudalira mlingo (1-8 μg/mL) chinalepheretsa kufotokoza ndi kupanga HBsAg (20%) ndi HBcAg (44%), kutanthauza kuti ganoderic acid imalepheretsa kubwereza kwa HBV m'maselo a chiwindi [2].

Anti-fluenza virus

Zhu Yutong (1998) anapeza kuti gavage kapena intraperitoneal jekeseni waG. applanatumKuchotsa (kutsitsa madzi kapena kulowetsedwa kozizira) kumatha kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka ndi nthawi yopulumuka ya mbewa zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza FM1, motero zimakhala ndi chitetezo chabwinoko [3].

Mothana RA et al.(2003) anapeza kuti ganodermadiol, lucidadiol ndi applanoxidic asidi G yotengedwa ndi kuyeretsedwa ku European G. pfeifferi anasonyeza antiviral ntchito motsutsana fuluwenza HIV ndi herpes simplex HIV mtundu 1 (HSV-1).ED50 ya ganodermadiol kuteteza maselo a MDCK (ma cell a epithelioid otengedwa ku canine aimpso) motsutsana ndi matenda a fuluwenza A virus ndi 0.22 mmol/L.Mlingo wa ED50 (50% wogwira ntchito) womwe umateteza ma cell a Vero (ma cell a impso obiriwira a ku Africa) ku matenda a HSV-1 ndi 0.068 mmol/L.ED50 ya ganodermadiol ndi applanoxidic acid G motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza A inali 0.22 mmol/L ndi 0.19 mmol/L, motsatira [4].

Anti-HIV

Kim ndi al.(1996) adapeza kuti gawo lotsika la molekyulu laG. lucidumKutulutsa kwamadzi amthupi ndi gawo lopanda ndale komanso lamchere la methanol kumatha kuletsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV (HIV) [5].

El-Mekkawy et al.(1998) inanena kuti triterpenoids olekanitsidwa ndi Tingafinye methanol waG. lucidummatupi a fruiting ali ndi anti-HIV-1 cytopathic zotsatira ndipo amasonyeza ntchito yolepheretsa HIV protease koma alibe cholepheretsa ntchito ya HIV-1 reverse transcriptase [6].

Min et al.(1998) adapeza kuti ganoderic acid B, lucidumol B, ganodermanondiol, ganodermanontriol ndi ganolucidic acid A yotengedwa kuchokeraG. lucidumspores ali ndi mphamvu yoletsa ntchito ya HIV-1 protease [7].

Sato N et al.(2009) anapeza kuti lanostane-type triterpenoids yatsopano kwambiri ya okosijeni [ganodenic acid GS-2, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N, 20(21) -dehydrolucidenic acid N ndi ganederol F] yodzipatula ku thupi la fruiting laGanoderma lucidumali ndi zoletsa pa HIV-1 protease yokhala ndi median inhibitory concentration (IC50) ngati 20-40 μm [8].

Yu Xiongtao et al.(2012) adanena kutiG. lucidumKutulutsa kwamadzi a spore kumakhala ndi zoletsa pa Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) yomwe imawononga ma cell a CEM×174 a cell cell ya T lymphocyte, ndipo IC50 yake ndi 66.62±20.21 mg/L.Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuletsa SIV kutsatsa ndikulowa m'maselo koyambirira kwa kachilombo ka SIV, ndipo imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa SIV capsid protein p27 [9].

Anti-Herpes Virus

Eo SK (1999) adakonza zigawo ziwiri zosungunuka m'madzi (GLhw ndi GLlw) ndi zowonjezera zisanu ndi zitatu za methanol (GLMe-1-8) kuchokera ku matupi a fruiting aG. lucidum.Ntchito yawo ya antiviral idawunikidwa ndi kuyesa kwa cytopathic effect (CPE) komanso kuyesa kuchepetsa zolembera.Mwa iwo, GLhw, GLMe-1, GLMe-2, GLMe-4, ndi GLMe-7 amawonetsa zopinga zowonekera pa herpes simplex virus mtundu 1 (HSV-1) ndi mtundu 2 (HSV-2), komanso vesicular stomatitis. virus (VSV) ku Indiana ndi New Jersey.Poyesa kuchepetsa zolembera, GLhw inhibited plaque mapangidwe a HSV-2 ndi EC50 ya 590 ndi 580μg / mL m'maselo a Vero ndi HEp-2, ndipo ma indices ake osankhidwa (SI) anali 13.32 ndi 16.26.GLMe-4 sinawonetsere cytotoxicity mpaka 1000 μg/ml, pomwe idawonetsa ntchito zoletsa ma virus pa VSV New Jersey strain ndi SI yoposa 5.43 [10].

OH KW et al.(2000) adapatula mapuloteni a acidic omangidwa ndi polysaccharide (APBP) kuchokera ku carpophores ya Ganoderma lucidum.APBP inawonetsa ntchito yolimbana ndi ma virus motsutsana ndi HSV-1 ndi HSV-2 m'maselo a Vero pa EC50 yake ya 300 ndi 440μg/mL, motsatana.APBP inalibe cytotoxicity pa maselo a Vero pamagulu a 1 x 10 (4) μg/ml.APBP ili ndi synergistic inhibitory effect pa HSV-1 ndi HSV-2 ikaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a antiherpes Aciclovir, Ara-A kapena interferonγ (IFN-γ) motsatira [11, 12].

Liu Jing et al.(2005) adapeza kuti GLP, polysaccharide yosiyana ndiG. lucidummycelium, imatha kuletsa matenda a Vero cell ndi HSV-1.GLP idaletsa matenda a HSV-1 koyambirira kwa matendawa koma sangalepheretse kaphatikizidwe ka virus ndi ma macromolecules achilengedwe [13].

Iwatsuki K et al.(2003) adapeza kuti ma triterpenoids osiyanasiyana amachotsedwa ndikuyeretsedwa kuchokeraGanoderma lucidumali ndi zotsatira zolepheretsa pakuyambitsa kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr antigen (EBV-EA) m'maselo a Raji (maselo a lymphoma aumunthu) [14].

Zheng DS et al.(2017) adapeza kuti ma triterpenoids asanu adachotsedwaG. lucidum,kuphatikizapo ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid B, ndi ganoderol B, ganodermanontriol ndi ganodermanondiol, amachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 5-8 F maselo opangidwa mu vitro, amasonyeza zotsatira zolepheretsa pa EBV EA ndi CA kutsegula ndi kuletsa telomerase. ntchito.Zotsatirazi zidapereka umboni wogwiritsa ntchito iziG. lucidumtriterpenoids pochiza NPC [15].

Anti-Newcastle Disease Virus

Kachilombo ka chitopa ndi mtundu wa kachilombo ka chimfine kamene kamakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komanso kupha mbalame.Shamaki BU et al.(2014) adapeza iziGanoderma lucidumZowonjezera za methanol, n-butanol ndi ethyl acetate zitha kuletsa ntchito ya neuraminidase ya kachilombo ka Newcastle matenda [16].

Anti-Dengue Virus

Lim WZ et al.(2019) adapeza kuti zotulutsa zamadzi zaG. lucidummu mawonekedwe ake antler analetsa ntchito DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease pa 84.6 ± 0.7%, apamwamba kuposa yachibadwa.G. lucidum[17] .

Bharadwaj S et al.(2019) adagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira komanso kuyesa kwa in vitro kulosera kuthekera kwa magwiridwe antchito a triterpenoids kuchokeraGanoderma lucidumndipo anapeza kuti ganodermanontriol yotengedwa kuchokeraGanoderma lucidumimatha kuletsa kachilombo ka dengue (DENV) NS2B -NS3 protease ntchito [18].

Anti-Enterovirus

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) ndiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a manja, phazi ndi pakamwa, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zaubongo komanso zadongosolo mwa ana.Komabe, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala oletsa mavairasi ovomerezeka omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa komanso kuchiza matendawa.

Zhang W ndi al.(2014) adapeza kuti awiriwaGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids (GLTs), kuphatikizapo Lanosta-7,9 (11), 24-trien-3-imodzi,15; 26-dihydroxy (GLTA) ndi Ganoderic acid Y (GLTB), amasonyeza ntchito zazikulu zotsutsana ndi EV71 popanda cytotoxicity.

Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti GLTA ndi GLTB zimalepheretsa kutenga kachilombo ka EV71 polumikizana ndi tinthu ta virus kuti titseke kufalikira kwa kachilombo kuma cell.Kuphatikiza apo, kuyanjana pakati pa EV71 virion ndi mankhwalawo kudanenedweratu ndi makina a makompyuta, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti GLTA ndi GLTB zitha kumangirira ku protein ya capsid ya virus pa thumba la hydrophobic (F site), motero imatha kutsekereza EV71.Kuphatikiza apo, adawonetsa kuti GLTA ndi GLTB zimalepheretsa kwambiri kubwereza kwa viral RNA (vRNA) ya EV71 replication kudzera kutsekereza EV71 kutulutsa [19].

Chidule ndi kukambirana
Zotsatira zafukufuku zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa kuti Lingzhi, makamaka triterpenoids yomwe ili mmenemo, imakhala ndi zotsatira zolepheretsa mavairasi osiyanasiyana.Kusanthula koyambirira kukuwonetsa kuti njira yake yolimbana ndi ma virus imaphatikizapo kuletsa kulowetsedwa ndi kulowa kwa ma virus m'maselo, kuletsa kuyambitsa kwa kachilombo koyambirira kwa antigen, kuletsa ntchito ya ma enzymes ofunikira kuti kaphatikizidwe ka virus m'maselo, kutsekereza ma virus a DNA kapena RNA kugawanika popanda. cytotoxicity ndipo ali ndi synergistic kwenikweni akaphatikiza odziwika sapha mavairasi oyambitsa mankhwala.Zotsatirazi zimapereka umboni wa kafukufuku wowonjezera pa zotsatira za antiviral za Lingzhi triterpenoids.

Kuwunika momwe Lingzhi amathandizira popewa komanso kuchiza matenda obwera chifukwa cha ma virus, tidapeza kuti Lingzhi amatha kusintha zizindikiro za kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc) kukhala zoyipa popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a chiwindi a B. Koma kupatula pamenepo, mu mankhwala a nsungu zoster, condyloma acuminatum ndi AIDS osakaniza mankhwala sapha mavairasi oyambitsa, sitinapeze umboni kuti Lingzhi akhoza mwachindunji ziletsa HIV odwala.The matenda efficacies wa Lingzhi pa tizilombo matenda mwina makamaka zokhudzana ndi immunomodulatory tingati, odana ndi okosijeni ndi ufulu ankafuna scavenging zotsatira ndi zoteteza mmene limba kapena kuvulala minofu.(Tithokoze Pulofesa Baoxue Yang pokonza nkhaniyi.)

Maumboni

1. Zhang Zheng, et al.Kafukufuku Woyesera wa Mitundu 20 Ya Bowa Wachi China Motsutsa HBV.Journal ya Beijing Medical University.1989, 21: 455-458.

2. Li YQ, ndi al.Anti-hepatitis B ntchito za ganoderic acid kuchokeraGanoderma lucidum.Biotechnol Lett, 2006, 28(11): 837-841.

3. Zhu Yutong, et al.Protective Effect of the Extract ofGanoderma applanatum(pers) pansi.pa Mbewa Zokhudzidwa ndi Influenza Virus FM1. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.1998, 15 (3): 205-207.

4. Mothana RA, et al.Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes kuchokera ku bowaGanoderma pfeifferi.Fitoterapia.2003, 74 (1-2): 177-180.

5. Kim BK.Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity ofGanoderma lucidum.1996 International Ganoderma Symposium, Phunziro Lapadera, Taipei.

6. El-Mekkawy S, ndi al.Anti-HIV ndi anti-HIV-protease zinthu kuchokeraGanoderma lucidum.Phytochemistry.1998, 49(6): 1651-1657.

7. Min BS, et al.Triterpenes kuchokera ku sporesGanoderma lucidumndi ntchito yawo yoletsa motsutsana ndi HIV-1 protease.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).1998, 46(10): 1607-1612.

8. Sato N, ndi al.Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease activity of new lanostane-type triterpenoids kuchokeraGanoderma sinense.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).2009, 57(10): 1076-1080.

9. Yu Xiongtao, et al.Phunziro pa Zotsatira za Kuletsa kwaGanoderma lucidumpa Simian Imunodeficiency Virus in vitro.Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae.2012, 18(13): 173-177.

10. Eo SK, et al.Antivayirasi ntchito zosiyanasiyana madzi ndi methanol sungunuka zinthu akutaliGanoderma lucidum.J Ethnopharmacol.1999, 68(1-3): 129-136.

11. O KW, et al.Antiherpetic ntchito za acidic mapuloteni womangidwa polysaccharide olekanitsidwa ndiGanoderma lucidumyekha ndi osakaniza ndi acyclovir ndi vidarabine.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72(1-2): 221-227.

12. Kim YS, et al.Antiherpetic ntchito za acidic mapuloteni womangidwa polysaccharide olekanitsidwa ndiGanoderma lucidumyekha ndi osakaniza ndi interferon.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72(3): 451-458.

13. Liu Jing, et al.Kupewa kwa Herpes Simplex Virus Infection ndi GLP Kutalikirana ndi Mycelium waGanoderma Lucidum.Virological Sinica.2005, 20(4): 362-365.

14. Iwatsuki K, et al.Lucidenic acids P ndi Q, methyl lucidenate P, ndi ma triterpenoids ena ochokera ku bowa.Ganoderma lucidumndi zotsatira zake zolepheretsa pa Epstein-Barrvirus activation.J Nat Prod.2003, 66(12): 1582-1585.

15. Zheng DS, et al.Triterpenoids kuchokeraGanoderma lucidumkuletsa kutsegula kwa ma antigen a EBV monga telomerase inhibitors.Exp Ther Med.2017, 14 (4): 3273-3278.

16. Shamaki BU, et al.Methanolic sungunuka tizigawo ta lingzhi orreishimedicinal bowa,Ganoderma lucidum(apamwamba a Basidiomycetes) amaletsa ntchito ya neuraminidase mu Newcastle disease virus (LaSota).Int J Med Bowa.2014, 16 (6): 579-583.

17. Lim WZ, et al.Kuzindikiridwa kwa ma active compounds muGanoderma lucidumvar.antler Tingafinye inhibiting dengue virus serine protease ndi maphunziro computational.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2019, 24:1-16.

18. Bharadwaj S, et al.Kupezeka kwaGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids monga kuthekera zoletsa motsutsana Dengue kachilombo NS2B-NS3 protease.Sci Rep. 2019, 9(1): 19059.

19. Zhang W, et al.Antiviral zotsatira ziwiriGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids motsutsana ndi matenda a enterovirus 71.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014, 449 (3): 307-312.

★ Zolemba zoyambirira za nkhaniyi zidalembedwa m'Chitchaina ndi Pulofesa Zhi-bin LIN ndipo adamasulira m'Chingerezi ndi Alfred Liu.Ngati pali kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa kumasulira (Chingerezi) ndi choyambirira (Chitchaina), Chitchaina choyambirira chidzapambana.

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