Rubutu/Zhi-bin LIN ( farfesa na Sashen Kimiyyar Magunguna, Makarantar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Peking)
★An buga wannan labarin daga ganodermanews.com.An buga shi tare da izinin marubucin.

Ta yaya Lingzhi (wanda kuma ake kira Ganoderma ko Reishi naman kaza) yake kunna tasirin sa na rigakafi?An yarda da cewa Lingzhi a kaikaice yana hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jikin ɗan adam da yaduwa da lalacewa a cikin jiki ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin rigakafi.Lingzhi kuma na iya rage kumburin da kwayar cutar ke haifarwa da kuma lalacewar wasu muhimman sassan jikin mutum kamar su huhu, zuciya, hanta da koda ta hanyar maganin da ake amfani da shi na hana iskar oxygen da free radical.Bugu da kari, an samu rahotannin bincike tun daga shekarun 1980 cewa Lingzhi, musamman triterpenoids da ke cikinsa, yana da tasirin hana kamuwa da cuta iri-iri.

Farfesa Zhi-bin LIN ya tsunduma cikin binciken Lingzhiilimin harhada magunguna na rabin karni kuma majagaba ne a cikin binciken Lingzhi a kasar Sin.(Hotuna/Wu Tingyao)

Cutar Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) har yanzu tana yaduwa kuma ta yadu a duniya.Hanawa da shawo kan annobar, jinyar marasa lafiya da kawo karshen annobar, su ne fata da nauyi da ya rataya a wuyan al'umma baki daya.Daga rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, na yi farin cikin ganin haka da yawaGanoderma lucidummasana'antun suna ba da gudummawar kayyakin rigakafin cutar da samfuran Lingzhi ga yankunan da ke fama da cutar da kuma ƙungiyar likitoci ga Hubei.Ina fatan Lingzhi zai iya taimakawa hana novel coronavirus ciwon huhu da kuma kare likitoci da marasa lafiya.

Mai laifin wannan annoba shine 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).Kafin a sami magungunan coronavirus na zamani da alluran rigakafi, hanya mafi inganci kuma mafi inganci ita ce keɓance marasa lafiya, gudanar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da tallafi, haɓaka rigakafi, hana ƙwayoyin cuta kamuwa da cutar da mahimman gabobin jiki da kyallen jikin jiki kuma a ƙarshe kayar da cutar.Ga masu rauni, haɓaka tsarin rigakafi yana taimakawa wajen tsayayya da hare-haren ƙwayoyin cuta.

Bugu da kari, fannin likitanci kuma yana kokarin nemo magungunan da za su iya yakar wannan sabuwar kwayar cuta daga magungunan da ake da su.Akwai jita-jita da yawa akan Intanet.Ko suna da tasiri ko a'a har yanzu ba a tabbatar da su a asibiti ba.

Lingzhi yana haɓaka ikon rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na tsarin rigakafi.

Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidumkumaGanoderma sinensis) wani nau'in magani ne na gargajiya na kasar Sin da aka kayyade a cikin Pharmacopoeia na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (Sashe na daya), bisa ga Lingzhi yana iya kara yawan qi, kwantar da hankula, kawar da tari da asma, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don rashin natsuwa, rashin barci, bugun zuciya, rashi na huhu da tari da haki, cututtuka masu cinyewa da ƙarancin numfashi, da rashin ci.Ya zuwa yanzu, fiye da nau'ikan magungunan Lingzhi sama da ɗari an amince da su don tallata su don rigakafin cututtuka da magani.

Nazarin ilimin harhada magunguna na zamani sun tabbatar da cewa Lingzhi na iya haɓaka aikin rigakafi, tsayayya da gajiya, inganta bacci, tsayayya da iskar oxygen da kawar da radicals, da kare zuciya, kwakwalwa, huhu, hanta da koda.An yi amfani da shi a asibiti a cikin magani ko magani na mashako na kullum, cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi, fuka da sauran cututtuka.

Ta yaya Lingzhi ke kunna tasirin sa na rigakafi?An yarda da cewa Lingzhi a kaikaice yana hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jikin ɗan adam da yaduwa da lalacewa a cikin jiki ta hanyar haɓaka tsarin rigakafi.

Ko da yake kwayar cutar tana da zafi sosai, a ƙarshe za a kawar da ita ta fuskar rigakafi mai ƙarfi.An tattauna wannan a cikin labarin "Lingzhi yana inganta rigakafi" da aka buga a cikin fitowar ta 58 na "GANODERMA" da labarin " Tushen donGanoderma lucidumdon Hana Mura - Lokacin da akwai isasshen lafiya a ciki, abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka ba su da wata hanya ta mamaye jiki" da aka buga a cikin 46th fitowar "GANODERMA".

A taƙaice, ɗayan shine Lingzhi na iya haɓaka ayyukan da ba takamaiman na rigakafi na jiki ba kamar haɓaka haɓakawa, rarrabuwa da aikin ƙwayoyin dendritic, haɓaka ayyukan phagocytic na macrophages mononuclear da ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta, da hana ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daga mamaye ɗan adam. jiki.Na biyu, Lingzhi na iya haɓaka ayyukan garkuwar ɗan adam da salon salula kamar haɓaka samar da Immunoglobulin M (IgM) da Immunoglobulin G (IgG), ƙara haɓakar ƙwayoyin T lymphocytes da B lymphocytes, da haɓaka samar da cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-). 1), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) da interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Immunity na humoral da rigakafi na salula sun zama layin kariya mai zurfi daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.Za su iya kulle takamaiman manufa don ƙara kariya da kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke mamaye jiki.Lokacin da aikin rigakafi ya yi ƙasa saboda dalilai daban-daban, Lingzhi kuma yana iya inganta aikin rigakafi.

Bugu da kari, Lingzhi kuma yana iya rage kumburin da kwayar cutar ke haifarwa da kuma cutar da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta ga gabobin masu muhimmanci kamar su huhu, zuciya, hanta, koda, da kuma hana ko rage alamun bayyanar cututtuka ta hanyar anti-oxidant da kuma tasirin sa na kyauta.A cikin fitowar ta 75 na “GANODERMA”, ana iya amfani da ita don yin la’akari da cewa muhimmancin anti-oxidant da tasirin ɓacin rai na kyauta.Ganoderma luciduma cikin rigakafin cututtuka da kuma maganin cututtuka an tattauna musamman a cikin labarin mai suna "Lingzhi - Magance Cututtuka daban-daban da Hanya guda".

Tun daga shekarun 1980, an sami rahotannin bincike kan illar rigakafin cutar Lingzhi.Yawancin waɗannan karatun sun yi amfani da nau'ikan sel masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin vitro, kuma binciken mutum ɗaya kuma ya yi amfani da nau'ikan kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta don lura da tasirin rigakafin Lingzhi.

Labarin shafi wanda Farfesa Zhibin Lin ya wallafa a cikin Fitillun 46, 58, da 75 na "GANODERMA"

Anti-hepatitis virus

Zhang Zheng et al.(1989) ya gano cewaGanoderma applanatum,Ganoderma atrumkumaGanoderma capensena iya hana cutar hepatitis B DNA polymerase (HBV-DNA polymerase), rage HBV-DNA kwafi da kuma hana mugunyar cutar hanta B surface antigen (HBsAg) ta PLC/PRF/5 Kwayoyin (dan Adam ciwon hanta Kwayoyin).

Masu binciken sun ci gaba da lura da ingancin maganin rigakafi gaba ɗaya akan samfurin hanta na duck.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa gudanar da baki naGanoderma applanatum(50 mg/kg) sau biyu a rana tsawon kwanaki 10 a jere na iya rage illar cutar hanta na duck Hepatitis B DNA polymerase (DDNAP) da duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA (DDNA) na agwagwa da suka kamu da cutar hanta na agwagwa B (DHBV), wanda ya nuna cewaGanoderma applanatumyana da tasirin hanawa akan DHBV a cikin jiki [1].

Li YQ et al.(2006) ya ruwaito cewa ciwon hanta na ɗan adam HepG2 cell Lines canza tare da HBV-DNA iya bayyana HBV surface antigen (HbsAg), HBV core antigen (HbcAg) da HBV kwayoyin tsarin sunadarai, kuma zai iya stably samar da balagagge hepatitis B kwayar cutar barbashi.Ganoderic acid cire dagaG. lucidumAl'ada matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici (1-8 μg / mL) ya hana magana da samar da HBsAg (20%) da HBcAg (44%), yana nuna cewa ganoderic acid ya hana kwafin HBV a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta [2].

Kwayar cutar mura

Zhu Yutong (1998) gano cewa gavage ko intraperitoneal allura naG. applanatumtsantsa (decoction na ruwa ko jiko mai sanyi) na iya haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa da lokacin rayuwa na berayen da suka kamu da cutar mura FM1, don haka suna samun ingantaccen sakamako mai kariya [3].

Mothana RA et al.(2003) ya gano cewa ganodermadiol, lucidadiol da applanoxidic acid G da aka cire da kuma tsarkakewa daga Turai G. pfeifferi sun nuna ayyukan antiviral akan cutar mura A da nau'in cutar ta herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1).ED50 na ganodermadiol don kare sel MDCK (kwayoyin epithelioid da aka samo daga kodan canine) akan kamuwa da cutar mura A shine 0.22 mmol/L.ED50 (50% tasiri kashi) wanda ke kare ƙwayoyin Vero (kwayoyin koda na koren biri na Afirka) daga kamuwa da HSV-1 shine 0.068 mmol/L.ED50 na ganodermadiol da applanoxidic acid G akan kamuwa da cutar mura A sune 0.22 mmol/L da 0.19 mmol/L, bi da bi [4].

Anti-HIV

Kim et al.(1996) ya gano cewa ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta naG. lucidumCire ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma tsaka tsaki da alkaline na tsantsa na methanol na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar ta HIV (HIV) [5].

El-Mekkawy et al.(1998) ya ruwaito cewa triterpenoids ware daga methanol tsantsa naG. lucidumJikunan 'ya'yan itace suna da tasirin cytopathic anti-HIV-1 kuma suna nuna ayyukan hanawa akan rigakafin cutar ta HIV amma ba su da wani tasiri mai hanawa akan ayyukan HIV-1 reverse transcriptase [6].

Min et al.(1998) gano cewa ganoderic acid B, lucidumol B, ganodermanondiol, ganodermanontriol da ganolucidic acid A da aka fitar dagaG. lucidumspores suna da tasirin hanawa mai ƙarfi akan ayyukan rigakafin cutar HIV-1 [7].

Sato N et al.(2009) ya gano cewa sabon nau'in triterpenoids mai tsananin iskar oxygenated [ganodenic acid GS-2, 20-hydroxylucidenic acid N, 20 (21) -dehydrolucidenic acid N da ganederol F] keɓe daga jikin 'ya'yan itace.Ganoderma lucidumsuna da tasiri mai hanawa akan kwayar cutar HIV-1 tare da maida hankali na inhibitory na tsakiya (IC50) kamar 20-40 μm [8].

Yu Xiongtao et al.(2012) ya ruwaito cewaG. lucidumspore ruwa tsantsa yana da wani inhibitory sakamako a kan Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) cewa infects CEM × 174 Kwayoyin na mutum T lymphocyte cell line, da IC50 ne 66.62 ± 20.21 mg / L.Babban aikinsa shi ne hana SIV daga adsorbing zuwa da shiga cikin sel a farkon mataki na kamuwa da cutar SIV, kuma yana iya rage girman matakin SIV capsid protein p27 [9].

Anti-Herpes Virus

Eo SK (1999) ya shirya tsantsar ruwa mai narkewa guda biyu (GLhw da GLlw) da tsantsar methanol takwas (GLMe-1-8) daga jikin 'ya'yan itace.G. lucidum.Ayyukan antiviral an kimanta su ta hanyar gwajin hanawa na cytopathic (CPE) da gwajin rage plaque.Daga cikin su, GLhw, GLMe-1, GLMe-2, GLMe-4, da GLMe-7 suna nuna tasirin hanawa a kan nau'in cutar ta herpes simplex irin 1 (HSV-1) da nau'in 2 (HSV-2), da kuma vesicular stomatitis. kwayar cutar (VSV) Indiana da New Jersey iri.A cikin ƙididdigar raguwar plaque, GLhw ya hana ƙirar plaque na HSV-2 tare da EC50 na 590 da 580μg/mL a cikin ƙwayoyin Vero da HEp-2, kuma fihirisar zaɓin sa (SI) sun kasance 13.32 da 16.26.GLMe-4 bai nuna cytotoxicity har zuwa 1000 μg / ml ba, yayin da yake nuna aikin rigakafin cutar kansa akan nau'in VSV New Jersey tare da SI na fiye da 5.43 [10].

OH KW et al.(2000) keɓe wani furotin acidic daure polysaccharide (APBP) daga carpophores na Ganoderma lucidum.APBP ya nuna aikin antiviral mai ƙarfi akan HSV-1 da HSV-2 a cikin ƙwayoyin Vero a EC50 na 300 da 440μg/mL, bi da bi.APBP ba shi da cytotoxicity akan sel Vero a matakin 1 x 10 (4) μg/ml.APBP yana da tasirin hanawa na synergistic akan HSV-1 da HSV-2 lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da maganin anti-herpes Aciclovir, Ara-A ko interferonγ (IFN-γ) bi da bi [11, 12].

Liu Jing et al.(2005) gano cewa GLP, wani polysaccharide ware dagaG. lucidummycelium, na iya hana kamuwa da ƙwayoyin Vero ta HSV-1.GLP ya toshe kamuwa da cutar HSV-1 a farkon kamuwa da cuta amma ba zai iya hana haɗakar ƙwayoyin cuta da macromolecules na halitta [13].

Iwatsuki K et al.(2003) ya gano cewa nau'ikan triterpenoid iri-iri da aka cire kuma an tsarkake su dagaGanoderma lucidumsuna da tasirin hanawa akan shigar da cutar Epstein-Barr farkon antigen (EBV-EA) a cikin ƙwayoyin Raji (kwayoyin lymphoma na ɗan adam) [14].

Zheng DS et al.(2017) gano cewa triterpenoids guda biyar da aka samo dagaG. lucidum,ciki har da ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid B, da ganoderol B, ganodermanontriol da ganodermanondiol, da muhimmanci rage yiwuwar nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 5-8 F Kwayoyin al'ada in vitro, nuna gagarumin inhibitory effects a kan duka EBV EA da CA kunnawa da kuma hana telomerase. aiki.Waɗannan sakamakon sun ba da shaida don aiwatar da waɗannanG. lucidumtriterpenoids a cikin maganin NPC [15].

Anti-Newcastle Cutar Cutar

Cutar cutar Newcastle wata cuta ce ta murar tsuntsaye, wacce ke da yawan kamuwa da cuta da mutuwa a tsakanin tsuntsaye.Shamaki BU et al.(2014) ya gano cewaGanoderma lucidumtsantsa daga methanol, n-butanol da ethyl acetate na iya hana aikin neuraminidase na cutar cutar Newcastle [16].

Anti-Dengue Virus

Lim WZ et al.(2019) ya gano cewa tsantsar ruwa naG. luciduma cikin sigar antler ta hana aikin DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease a 84.6 ± 0.7%, sama da na al'adaG. lucidum[17] .

Bharadwaj S et al.(2019) yayi amfani da tsarin dubawa mai kama-da-wane da gwaje-gwajen in vitro don hasashen yuwuwar aikin triterpenoid dagaGanoderma lucidumkuma gano cewa ganodermanontriol da aka samo dagaGanoderma lucidumzai iya hana cutar dengue (DENV) NS2B -NS3 aikin protease [18].

Anti-Enterovirus

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) shine babban ƙwayar cuta na hannu, ƙafar ƙafa da cutar baki, yana haifar da mummunar cututtuka da rikitarwa a cikin yara.Duk da haka, a halin yanzu babu wasu magungunan da aka amince da su a asibiti da za a iya amfani da su don rigakafi da magance wannan kamuwa da cuta.

Zhang W et al.(2014) ya gano cewa biyuGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids (GLTs), ciki har da Lanosta-7,9 (11), 24-trien-3-one, 15; 26-dihydroxy (GLTA) da Ganoderic acid Y (GLTB), suna nuna mahimman ayyukan anti-EV71 ba tare da cytotoxicity ba.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa GLTA da GLTB suna hana kamuwa da cutar EV71 ta hanyar yin hulɗa tare da kwayar cutar hoto don toshe adsorption na ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa sel.Bugu da ƙari, hulɗar da ke tsakanin EV71 virion da mahadi an annabta ta hanyar docking kwayoyin halitta na kwamfuta, wanda ya nuna cewa GLTA da GLTB na iya ɗaure su da furotin capsid na hoto a cikin aljihun hydrophobic (F site), don haka yana iya toshe uncoating na EV71.Bugu da ƙari, sun nuna cewa GLTA da GLTB suna hana kwafin kwayar cutar RNA (vRNA) na kwafin EV71 ta hanyar toshe EV71 uncoating [19].

Takaitawa da tattaunawa
Sakamakon binciken da ke sama ya nuna cewa Lingzhi, musamman triterpenoid da ke cikinsa, yana da tasirin hana ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri.Binciken farko ya nuna cewa tsarin sa na kamuwa da cuta ya ƙunshi hana adsorption da shigar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sel, hana kunna ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta farkon antigen, hana ayyukan wasu enzymes da ake buƙata don haɗin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sel, toshe kwayar cutar DNA ko kwafin RNA ba tare da yin kwafi ba. cytotoxicity kuma yana da tasirin daidaitawa lokacin da aka haɗe shi da sanannun magungunan antiviral.Waɗannan sakamakon suna ba da shaida don ƙarin bincike kan tasirin antiviral na Lingzhi triterpenoids.

Yin bita da ingancin asibiti na yanzu na Lingzhi a cikin rigakafi da magance cututtukan hoto, mun gano cewa Lingzhi na iya canza alamun cutar hanta B (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc) zuwa mara kyau a cikin rigakafi da maganin cutar hanta B. Amma banda wannan, a cikin maganin herpes zoster, condyloma acuminatum da AIDS a hade tare da magungunan rigakafi, ba mu sami shaidar cewa Lingzhi na iya hana cutar kai tsaye ga marasa lafiya ba.Tasirin asibiti na Lingzhi akan cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri na iya kasancewa galibi yana da alaƙa da tasirinsa na immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant da tasirin sa na ɓarke ​​​​nasara da tasirin sa na kariya akan raunin gabobi ko nama.(Godiya ga Farfesa Baoxue Yang don gyara wannan labarin.)

Magana

1. Zhang Zheng, da dai sauransu.Nazarin gwaji na nau'ikan naman gwari na kasar Sin iri 20 game da HBV.Journal of Beijing Medical University.1989, 21: 455-458.

2. Li YQ, da dai sauransu.Ayyukan anti-hepatitis B na ganoderic acid dagaGanoderma lucidum.Biotechnol Lett, 2006, 28 (11): 837-841.

3. Zhu Yutong, et al. Tasirin Kariya na Cire naGanoderma applanatum(pers) pat.kan Berayen da suka kamu da cutar mura FM1.Jarida na Jami'ar Guangzhou na Magungunan Gargajiya ta Sin.1998, 15(3): 205-207.

4. Mothana RA, da dai sauransu.Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes daga naman gwariGanoderma pfeifferi.Fitoterapia.2003, 74 (1-2): 177-180.

5. Kim BK.Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus AyyukanGanoderma lucidum.1996 Taron Taro na Ganoderma na Duniya, Lakca ta Musamman, Taipei.

6. El-Mekkawy S, et al.Anti-HIV da anti-HIV-protease abubuwa dagaGanoderma lucidum.Ilimin kimiyya.1998, 49 (6): 1651-1657.

7. Min BS, et al.Triterpenes daga sporesGanoderma lucidumda aikin hana su akan cutar HIV-1.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).1998, 46 (10): 1607-1612.

8. Sato N, et al.Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease ayyuka na sabon lanostane-type triterpenoids dagaGanoderma cuta.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).2009, 57 (10): 1076-1080.

9. Yu Xiongtao, et al.Nazari akan illolin HanawaGanoderma lucidumakan Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in vitro.Jarida ta Sin na Gwaji na Gargajiya na Magunguna.2012, 18 (13): 173-177.

10. Eo SK, et al.Antiviral ayyuka na daban-daban ruwa da methanol mai narkewa abubuwa ware dagaGanoderma lucidum.J Ethnopharmacol.1999, 68 (1-3): 129-136.

11. O KW, et al.Ayyukan antiherpetic na furotin acidic da ke daure polysaccharide keɓe dagaGanoderma lucidumkadai kuma a cikin haɗuwa tare da acyclovir da vidarabine.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72 (1-2): 221-227.

12. Kim YS, et al.Ayyukan antiherpetic na furotin acidic da ke daure polysaccharide keɓe dagaGanoderma lucidumkadai kuma a hade tare da interferon.J Ethnopharmacol.2000, 72 (3): 451-458.

13. Liu Jing, da dai sauransu.Hana Cutar Cutar Herpes Simplex ta hanyar GLP Warewa daga Mycelium naGanoderma Lucidum.Virologica Sinica.2005, 20 (4): 362-365.

14. Iwatsuki K, et al.Lucidenic acid P da Q, methyl lucidenate P, da sauran triterpenoids daga naman gwari.Ganoderma lucidumda tasirin hana su akan kunna Epstein-Barrvirus.J Na Prod.2003, 66 (12): 1582-1585.

15. Zheng DS, et al.Triterpenoid dagaGanoderma lucidumhana kunna antigens na EBV azaman masu hana telomerase.Exp Ther Med.2017, 14 (4): 3273-3278.

16. Shamaki BU, et al.Methanolic soluble ɓangarorin na lingzhi orreishimedicinal naman kaza,Ganoderma lucidum(Basidiomycetes mafi girma) cirewa yana hana ayyukan neuraminidase a cikin cutar cututtukan Newcastle (LaSota).Int J Med Namomin kaza.2014, 16 (6): 579-583.

17. Lim WZ, et al.Gano abubuwan mahadi masu aiki a cikiGanoderma lucidumvar.antler tsantsa hana dengue virus serine protease da lissafin lissafinsa.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2019, 24: 1-16.

18. Bharadwaj S, et al.GanowarGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids a matsayin masu hana masu hana cutar Dengue NS2B-NS3 protease.Sci Rep. 2019, 9 (1): 19059.

19. Zhang W, et al.Sakamakon antiviral na biyuGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids daga kamuwa da cutar enterovirus 71.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014, 449 (3): 307-312.

★ Asalin rubutun wannan labarin Farfesa Zhi-bin LIN ne ya rubuta shi da Sinanci kuma Alfred Liu ya fassara shi zuwa Turanci.Idan akwai wani sabani tsakanin fassarar (Turanci) da na asali (China), asalin Sinanci zai yi nasara.

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