Januwari 10, 2017/Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, njll. / Stem Cell Reports

Umbhalo/Wu Tingyao

“Khohlwa ukuthi ungubani nokuthi ngingubani” kungashiwo ukuthi kuwuphawu oluvamile lwesifo i-Alzheimer's.Isizathu sokukhohlwa, noma ukungakwazi ukukhumbula izehlakalo zakamuva, ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa aphethe imisebenzi yengqondo ayafa kancane kancane njengoba iminyaka ihamba, okwenza umuntu omdalaingqondo izingaqhubeka nokuwohloka.

Njengoba bebhekene nalesi sifo se-Alzheimer esivame ukwanda, ososayensi basebenza kanzima ukuze bafunde izindlela zokwelapha ezingenzeka.Abanye abantu bagxila esigebengwini esibangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, bezama ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kweprotheni ye-beta-amyloid;abanye bazibophezele ekukhuthazeni ukuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, benethemba lokuvala isikhala sokulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, okungenzeka ukuthi umqondo “wokuwenza uma ungekho.”

Ebuchosheni bezilwane ezincelisayo ezivuthiwe, kunezindawo ezimbili ngempela eziqhubeka nokukhiqiza amangqamuzana ezinzwa amasha, enye yawo esendaweni ye-hippocampal gyrus.Lawa mangqamuzana ezinzwa azikhulisayo abizwa ngokuthi “ama-neural progenitor cell”.Amaseli asanda kuzalwa kuwo azokwengezwa kumasekhethi we-neural wangempela ukusiza ukufunda amakhono amasha nokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha.

Kodwa-ke, kungabonwa kubantu noma kumagundane ukuthi isifo se-Alzheimer singaphazamisa ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural precursor.Namuhla, ubufakazi obuningi bukhomba ukuthi ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural precursor kunganciphisa ukonakala kwengqondo okubangelwa isifo i-Alzheimer's futhi kungase kube isu elisebenzisekayo lokwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's.

NgoJanuwari 2017, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngokuhlanganyela ku-"Stem Cell Reports" yi-Tongji University, i-Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences, njll., lwafakazela ukuthi ama-polysaccharides noma ama-extracts amanziI-Ganoderma lucidum (Ikhowa le-Reishi, i-Lingzhi) linganciphisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangelwa isifo se-Alzheimer, linciphise ukufakwa kwe-amyloid-β (Aβ) ebuchosheni, futhi likhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli e-neural precursor ku-gyrus ye-hippocampal.Indlela yokugcina yokusebenza kungenzeka ihlobane nokwenza kusebenze isamukeli esibizwa nge-FGFR1 kumaseli e-neural precursor ngenxa yokulawulwaI-Ganoderma lucidum.

Amagundane e-Alzheimer adlayoI-Ganoderma lucidumube nenkumbulo engcono.

Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kulolu cwaningo kusebenzise amagundane anezinyanga ezi-5 kuya kweziyisi-6 ubudala e-APP/PS1-okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa izakhi zofuzo ukuze kudluliselwe izakhi zofuzo zomuntu eziguqukayo i-APP kanye ne-PS1 (engadala isifo i-Alzheimer's esitholakala ekuqaleni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi) amagundane asanda kuzalwa ukuze aveze ngempumelelo izakhi zofuzo.Lokhu kuzokwenza ubuchopho bamagundane buqale ukukhiqiza i-amyloid-β (Aβ) kusukela esemncane (emva kwezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala), futhi lapho ekhula aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-5-6 ubudala, kancane kancane azoba nobunzima bokubona indawo kanye nenkumbulo. .

Ngamanye amazwi, amagundane asetshenziswe ekuhloleni asevele enezimpawu zokuqala zesifo i-Alzheimer's.Abacwaningi bondle amagundane anjalo e-Alzheimer nge-GLP (ama-polysaccharides ahlanzekile ahlukaniswe nawoI-Ganoderma lucidumi-spore powder enesisindo se-molecular 15 kD) ngesilinganiso sansuku zonke se-30 mg / kg (okungukuthi, 30 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba ngosuku) izinsuku ezingu-90 ezilandelanayo.

Khona-ke, abacwaningi bachitha ezinye izinsuku eziyi-12 behlola amakhono okuqonda amagundane ku-Morris water Maze (MWM) futhi bawaqhathanisa nalawo amagundane anesifo i-Alzheimer ayengalutholi ukwelashwa kanye nalawo amagundane avamile.

Amagundane awathandi ngokwemvelo amanzi.Uma zifakwa emanzini, zizozama ukuthola indawo eyomile yokuphumula.I-“Morris Water Maze Test” isebenzisa imvelo yayo ukuze imise inkundla yokuphumula endaweni egxilile echibini elikhulu eliyindilinga.Njengoba ipulatifomu ifihliwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, amagundane kufanele ayithole kuphela ngokufunda nokukhumbula.Ngenxa yalokho, abacwaningi bangakwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi amagundane ayethola i-dumber noma ehlakaniphile ngesikhathi amagundane ethola indawo yesikhulumi, ibanga abhukudayo kanye nendlela ahamba ngayo.

Kutholakale ukuthi awukho umehluko obalulekile ejubaneni lokubhukuda lamagundane eqenjini ngalinye.Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane avamile, amagundane e-Alzheimer ayengakutholanga ukwelashwa kwadingeka achithe isikhathi esiningi futhi abhukude amabanga amade ukuze athole inkundla endleleni engalungile njengokungathi anenhlanhla, okubonisa ukuthi inkumbulo yawo yendawo yayikhubazeke kakhulu.

Ngokuphambene, amagundane e-Alzheimer adlaReishi amakhoweama-polysaccharides nomaI-Ganoderma lucidumukukhishwa kwamanzi kwathola isiteji ngokushesha, futhi ngaphambi kokuthola isiteji, ngokuyinhloko bazulazula endaweni (quadrant) lapho isiteji sasikhona, njengokungathi bayayazi indawo eseduze yesikhulumi, okubonisa ukuthi umonakalo ebuchosheni babo awubi kakhulu.【Umfanekiso 1, Umfanekiso 2】

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baphinde babona kolunye ucwaningo ukuthi izimpukane zezithelo ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-amyloid-β (Aβ) ebuchosheni bazo (futhi nangezindlela zokudlulisa izakhi zofuzo ukusungula amamodeli okuhlola),I-Ganoderma lucidumukukhishwa kwamanzi akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuqashelwa kwendawo kanye namakhono enkumbulo ezimpukane kodwa futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila sezimpukane.

Abacwaningi baphinde basebenzisaI-Ganoderma lucidumukukhishwa kwamanzi (300mg/kg ngosuku) ekuhlolweni kwezilwane okukhulunywe ngenhla futhi kwatholakala ukuthi kunganciphisa futhi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangelwa i-Alzheimer's disease njengalokhu okushiwo ngenhla.I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides (GLP).

Sebenzisa i-“Morris Water Maze Test” ukuze uhlole ikhono lenkumbulo yendawo lamagundane

[Umfanekiso 1] Izindlela zokubhukuda zamagundane eqenjini ngalinye.Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yichibi, okumhlophe indawo yesikhulumi, futhi okubomvu kuyindlela yokubhukuda.

[Umfanekiso 2] Isikhathi esijwayelekile esidingekayo ukuze iqembu ngalinye lamagundane lithole inkundla yokuphumula ngosuku lwesi-7 lwesivivinyo se-Morris water maze

(Umthombo/Imibiko Yeseli Yesiqu. 2017 Jan 10;8(1):84-94.)

Lingzhiikhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural precursor ku-gyrus ye-hippocampal.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-maze yamanzi kwezinsuku eziyi-12, abacwaningi bahlaziya ubuchopho bamagundane bathola ukuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharides kanyeI-Ganoderma lucidumama-extracts amanzi kokubili akhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ku-hippocampal gyrus futhi anciphise ukufakwa kwe-amyloid-β.

Kuphinde kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi amaseli ezinzwa asanda kuzalwa ku-hippocampus gyrus amaseli e-neural precursor.FuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumiyasebenza kumagundane esifo i-Alzheimer's.Ukondla amagundane avamile asekhulile ngeI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides (GLP) ngethamo lansuku zonke lama-30 mg/kg izinsuku eziyi-14 nawo angakhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural precursor ku-gyrus ye-hippocampal.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro kuphinde kwaqinisekisa ukuthi kumaseli we-neural precursor ahlukanisiwe ne-hippocampal gyrus yamagundane amadala avamile noma amagundane e-Alzheimer's noma amaseli e-neural precursor atholakala kumaseli womuntu,I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides angakwazi ukukhuthaza ngokuphumelelayo lawa maseli andulelayo ukuthi akhule, futhi amaseli asanda kukhiqizwa agcina izici zangempela zamangqamuzana e-neural precursor, okungukuthi, angakwazi ukwenza ukwanda nokuzivuselela.

Ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe kwabonisa lokhoI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides (GLP) angakhuthaza i-neurogenesis ikakhulukazi ngoba angakwazi ukuqinisa isamukeli esibizwa ngokuthi “FGFR1″ (hhayi i-EGFR receptor) kumaseli e-neural precursor, okuyenza ibe lula ekugqugquzelweni “kwe-nerve growth factor bFGF”, ethumela ulwazi olwengeziwe “lweseli. ukwanda” kumangqamuzana e-neural precursor cell, bese kuzalwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa engeziwe.

Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa asanda kuzalwa engakwazi ukuqhubeka ajoyine amasekhethi akhona e-neural ukuze asebenze ngemva kokuthuthela endaweni yobuchopho eyidingayo, lokhu kufanele kunciphise ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kwengqondo okubangelwa ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa esifweni se-Alzheimer's.

Indima enezici eziningiI-Ganoderma lucidumyehlisa ijubane lokukhohlwa.

Imiphumela yocwaningo engenhla isenza sibone umphumela wokuvikela weI-Ganoderma lucidumkumaseli wezinzwa.Ngaphezu kokuqeda ukuvuvukala, i-anti-oxidant, i-anti-apoptotic, i-anti-β-amyloid deposition kanye neminye imiphumela eyaziwayo esikhathini esidlule,I-Ganodermalucidumingase futhi ikhuthaze i-neurogenesis.Kumagundane e-Alzheimer's anezinkinga ezifanayo zofuzo futhi anezimpawu ezifanayo, yingakho ubukhulu bezimpawu zesifo buhluke kakhulu phakathi kwalabo abadlayo.I-Ganoderma lucidumnalabo abangadliI-Ganoderma lucidum.

I-Ganoderma lucidumingase ingakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwenkumbulo ezigulini ze-Alzheimer, kodwa izindlela zayo ezihlukahlukene zokwenza izinto zinganciphisa ukuwohloka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.Uma nje isiguli sizikhumbula sona kanye nabanye ukuphila kwaso konke, isifo i-Alzheimer singase singabi sibi kangako.

[Umthombo] u-Huang S, et al.Ama-Polysaccharides avela ku-Ganoderma lucidum Akhuthaza Umsebenzi Wokuqonda kanye Neural Progenitor Proliferation kuMouse Model ye-Alzheimer's Disease.Imibiko Yeseli Yesiqu.2017 Jan 10;8(1):84-94.doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.007.

PHELA

Mayelana nombhali/ Nks. Wu Tingyao

UWu Tingyao ubelokhu ebika ngolwazi lwe-Ganoderma lokuqala kusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadiUkwelapha nge-Ganoderma(ishicilelwe ku-People's Medical Publishing House ngo-Ephreli 2017).

★ Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngaphansi kokugunyazwa okukhethekile kombhali.★ Le misebenzi engenhla ayinakuphinda ikhiqizwe, ikhishwe noma isetshenziswe ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali.★ Ngokuphulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, umbhali uzolandela izibopho ezingokomthetho ezifanele.★ Umbhalo wokuqala walesi sihloko ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.