NgoJanuwari 10, 2017 / iYunivesithi yaseTongji, iShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, iAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi, njl. / IiNgxelo zeStem Cell

Umbhalo/Wu Tingyao

“Zilibale ukuba ungubani kwaye ndingubani” kunokuthiwa lolona phawu luqhelekileyo lwesifo sika-Alzheimer.Isizathu sokulibala, okanye ukungakwazi ukukhumbula iziganeko zamva nje, kukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo eziphethe imisebenzi yengqondo ziyafa kancinane njengoko iminyaka ihamba, nto leyo eyenza umntu omdalaingqondo inqanabaukuqhubeka nokuwohloka.

Ukujongana nesi sifo sixhaphakileyo sika-Alzheimer, izazinzulu zisebenza nzima ukufunda ngonyango olunokwenzeka.Abanye abantu bagxininise kwityala elibangela ukufa kweeseli ze-nerve, bezama ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweprotheni ye-beta-amyloid;abanye bazibophelele ekukhuthazeni ukuvuselelwa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, benethemba lokuvala isithuba sokonakala kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yingcamango “yokulungisa ukuba ilahlekile.”

Kwingqondo ye-mammalian ekhulileyo, kukho iindawo ezimbini eziqhubekayo ukuvelisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo, enye ikwi-hippocampal gyrus.Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zizenzela ngokwazo zibizwa ngokuba zii-“neural progenitor cells”.Iiseli ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kuzo ziya kongezwa kwiisekethe zokuqala ze-neural ukunceda ukufunda izakhono ezitsha kunye nokwenza iinkumbulo ezintsha.

Nangona kunjalo, kunokubonwa ebantwini okanye kwiimpuku ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer sinokuphazamisa ukwanda kweeseli ze-neural precursor.Kule mihla, ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba ukukhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli ze-neural precursor kunokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwengqondo okubangelwa sisifo sika-Alzheimer kwaye kunokuba sisicwangciso esinokwenzeka sonyango lwe-Alzheimer's.

NgoJanuwari 2017, uphando olupapashwe ngokudibeneyo kwi "Stem Cell Reports" yiYunivesithi yaseTongji, i-Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences, njl., ibonise ukuba i-polysaccharides okanye i-extracts yamanziI-Ganoderma lucidum (I-mushroom ye-Reishi, i-Lingzhi) inokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa yi-Alzheimer's disease, ukunciphisa i-deposition ye-amyloid-β (Aβ) kwingqondo, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kweeseli ze-neural precursor kwi-gyrus ye-hippocampal.Indlela yokugqibela yesenzo kusenokwenzeka ukuba inxulumene nokusebenza kwe-receptor ebizwa ngokuba yi-FGFR1 kwiiseli ze-neural precursor ngenxa yolawuloI-Ganoderma lucidum.

Iimpuku ze-Alzheimer ezityayoI-Ganoderma lucidumube nenkumbulo engcono.

Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana kolu phononongo lusebenzise i-5 ukuya kwi-6-inyanga-ubudala be-APP/PS1 iimpuku ze-transgenic-oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokudlulisa imfuza ukuhambisa i-APP kunye ne-PS1 (enokuthi ibangele isifo se-Alzheimer's) iimpuku ezisandula ukuzalwa ukuze kubonakaliswe ngempumelelo ijene.Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ubuchopho beegundane buqale ukuvelisa i-amyloid-β (Aβ) ukususela kwiminyaka emncinci (emva kweenyanga ze-2 ubudala), kwaye xa bekhula ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-5-6 ubudala, baya kukhula ngokukhawuleza ubunzima bokuqaphela indawo kunye nememori. .

Ngamanye amazwi, iimpuku ezisetyenzisiweyo kuvavanyo sele zineempawu zokuqala zesifo sika-Alzheimer.Abaphandi bondla iimpuku ze-Alzheimer nge-GLP (i-polysaccharides ecocekileyo ekwantiI-Ganoderma lucidumI-spore powder ene-molecular weight ye-15 kD) kwi-dose yemihla ngemihla ye-30 mg / kg (oko kukuthi, i-30 mg ngekhilogram yesisindo somzimba ngosuku) kwiintsuku ze-90 ezilandelelanayo.

Emva koko, abaphandi bachitha ezinye iintsuku ze-12 bevavanya ubuchule bokuqonda beegundane kwi-Morris water maze (MWM) kwaye bathelekisa kunye neempuku ezinesifo se-Alzheimer ezingazange zifumane naluphi na unyango lwezonyango kunye nezo zeempuku eziqhelekileyo.

Iimpuku ziyawacaphukela ngokwendalo amanzi.Xa zifakwe emanzini, ziya kuzama ukufumana indawo eyomileyo yokuphumla."I-Morris Water Maze Test" isebenzisa indalo yabo ukuseka iqonga lokuphumla kwindawo esisigxina kwi-pool enkulu ejikelezayo.Ekubeni iqonga lifihliwe phantsi kwamanzi, iigundane kufuneka zifumane kuphela ngokufunda nokukhumbula.Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi banokugweba ukuba iigundane zifumana i-dumber okanye zihlakaniphile ngelixa iigundane zifumene iqonga, umgama abawudadayo kunye nendlela abayithathayo.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwisantya sokuqubha seempuku kwiqela ngalinye.Kodwa xa kuthelekiswa neempuku eziqhelekileyo, iimpuku ze-Alzheimer ezazingafumananga naluphi na unyango kwafuneka zichithe ixesha elininzi kwaye zidade imigama emide ukuze zifumane iqonga ecaleni kwendlela ephazamisekileyo ngokungathi zikwithamsanqa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inkumbulo yazo yendawo yonakele kakhulu.

Ngokwahlukileyo, iimpuku ze-Alzheimer zondliwa ngeReishi mushroomiipolysaccharides okanyeI-Ganoderma lucidumisicatshulwa samanzi safumana iqonga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngaphambi kokufumana iqonga, ngokuyintloko bazulazula kwindawo (i-quadrant) apho iqonga lalikhona, ngokungathi bayayazi indawo esondeleyo yeqonga, ebonisa ukuba umonakalo wobuchopho babo awubi kakhulu.【Umfanekiso 1, umzobo 2】

Ukongeza, abaphandi baphinde babona kwelinye ilingo lokuba kwiimpukane zeziqhamo ezivelisa isixa esikhulu se-amyloid-β (Aβ) ebuchosheni babo (nangeendlela zokudlulisa imfuza ukuseka imodeli yovavanyo),I-Ganoderma lucidumisicatshulwa samanzi asinakuphucula kuphela ukunakanwa kwendawo kunye nobuchule bokukhumbula iimpukane zeziqhamo kodwa zinokwandisa ubomi beempukane zeziqhamo.

Abaphandi basebenzise kwakhonaI-Ganoderma lucidumisicatshulwa samanzi (300mg/kg ngosuku) kolu vavanyo lwezilwanyana lukhankanywe ngasentla kwaye yafumanisa ukuba inokunciphisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangelwa sisifo i-Alzheimer's njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla.I-Ganoderma lucidumiipolysaccharides (GLP).

Sebenzisa "uVavanyo lweMorris Water Maze" ukuvavanya amandla enkumbulo yendawo yeempuku

[Umfanekiso 1] Iindlela zokuqubha zeempuku kwiqela ngalinye.Ibhulowu lichibi, elimhlophe liyindawo yeqonga, kwaye ebomvu yindlela yokuqubha.

[Umfanekiso 2] Ixesha eliqhelekileyo elifunekayo kwiqela ngalinye leempuku ukufumana iqonga lokuphumla ngosuku lwe-7 yovavanyo lwe-maze yamanzi kaMorris.

(Umthombo/iiNgxelo zeSeli zeStem. 2017 Jan 10;8(1):84-94.)

Lingzhiikhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli ze-neural precursor kwi-gyrus ye-hippocampal.

Emva kovavanyo lwe-maze yeentsuku ezili-12, abaphandi bahlalutya ubuchopho beempuku kwaye bafumanisa ukubaI-Ganoderma lucidumiipolysaccharides kunyeI-Ganoderma lucidumizicatshulwa zamanzi zombini zikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kweeseli ze-nerve kwi-hippocampal gyrus kunye nokunciphisa i-amyloid-β deposition.

Kwaphinda kwaqinisekiswa ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisandula ukuzalwa kwi-hippocampus gyrus ziiseli ze-neural precursor.KwayeI-Ganoderma lucidumiyasebenza kwiimpuku zesifo sika-Alzheimer.Ukondla iimpuku eziqhelekileyo eziselula kunyeI-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides (GLP) kwi-dose yemihla ngemihla ye-30 mg / kg kwiintsuku ze-14 nayo inokukhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli ze-neural precursor kwi-gyrus ye-hippocampal.

Uvavanyo lwe-in vitro lukwaqinisekisile ukuba kwiiseli ze-neural precursor ezibekwe zodwa kwi-hippocampal gyrus yeempuku zabantu abadala okanye iimpuku ze-Alzheimer okanye iiseli ze-neural precursor ezithathwe kwiiseli zesiqu somntu,I-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides inokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ezi seli zangaphambili ukuba zande, kwaye iiseli ezisandul 'ukuveliswa zigcina iimpawu zokuqala zeeseli ze-neural precursor, oko kukuthi, zinokwenza ukwanda kunye nokuzihlaziya.

Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lubonise okoI-Ganoderma lucidumi-polysaccharides (GLP) inokukhuthaza i-neurogenesis ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba inokomeleza i-receptor ebizwa ngokuba yi-"FGFR1" (hayi i-EGFR receptor) kwiiseli ze-neural precursor cell, okwenza kube lula ukuvuselela "i-nerve growth factor bFGF", ethumela ulwazi olungakumbi "lweseli. ukwanda” kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo, kuze ke kuvele iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingakumbi.

Kuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisandula ukuzalwa zinokuphinda zidibanise neesekethi zemithambo-luvo ezikhoyo ukuze zisebenze emva kokuba zifudukele kwindawo yobuchopho eyifunayo, oku kufanele kuthomalalise uluhlu lweziphazamiso zengqondo ezibangelwa kukufa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwisifo sika-Alzheimer.

Indima enamacala amaninziI-Ganoderma lucidumithoba isantya sokulibala.

Ezi ziphumo zophando zingentla zisenza sibone umphumo wokukhuselaI-Ganoderma lucidumkwiiseli zemithambo-luvo.Ukongeza kwi-anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-β-amyloid deposition kunye nezinye iziphumo ezaziwa ngaphambili,I-Ganodermaluciduminokukhuthaza i-neurogenesis.Kwiimpuku ze-Alzheimer's ezineziphene ezifanayo zemfuza kwaye zineempawu ezifanayo, yiyo loo nto ubunzulu beempawu zesifo buhluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo batyayo.I-Ganoderma lucidumnabo bangadliyoI-Ganoderma lucidum.

I-Ganoderma lucidumayinakukwazi ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wememori kwizigulane ze-Alzheimer, kodwa iindlela zayo ezahlukeneyo zesenzo zinokucotha ukuwohloka kwesifo se-Alzheimer.Logama nje umguli ezikhumbula yena nabanye ubomi bakhe bonke, isifo sika-Alzheimer sisenokungabi mbi kangako.

[Umthombo] Huang S, et al.Iipolysaccharides ezivela kwiGanoderma lucidum Ukukhuthaza uMsebenzi woQoqosho kunye neNeural Progenitor Proliferation kwiMouse Model ye-Alzheimer's Disease.IiNgxelo zeeseli zeStem.2017 Jan 10; 8 (1): 84-94.doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.007.

ISIPHELO

Malunga nombhali/ Nksz. Wu Tingyao

UWu Tingyao unike ingxelo ngolwazi lweGanoderma lokuqala ukusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadiUkunyanga ngeGanoderma(ipapashwe kwiNdlu yePeople's Medical Publishing House ngo-Epreli 2017).

★ Eli nqaku lipapashwe phantsi kogunyaziso olulodwa lombhali.★ Le misebenzi ingasentla ayinakuphinda iveliswe, icatshulwe okanye isetyenziswe ngezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa ngumbhali.★ Ukwaphulwa kwengxelo engentla, umbhali uya kulandela uxanduva olusemthethweni olufanelekileyo.★ Umbhalo wokuqala weli nqaku ubhalwe ngesiTshayina nguWu Tingyao waza waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi nguAlfred Liu.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwenguqulelo (isiNgesi) kunye neyoqobo (isiTshayina), isiTshayina sokuqala siya koyisa.Ukuba abafundi banayo nayiphi na imibuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane nombhali wokuqala, uNks. Wu Tingyao.