Janairu 10, 2017 / Jami'ar Tongji, Cibiyar Nazarin Materia Medica ta Shanghai, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, da dai sauransu.

Rubutu/Wu Tingyao

"Ka manta kai da wanene ni" ana iya cewa shine mafi yawan alamun cutar Alzheimer.Dalilin mantuwa, ko rashin iya tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan, shi ne cewa sel jijiyoyi masu kula da ayyukan fahimi suna mutuwa kadan kadan yayin da shekaru ke wucewa, wanda ke sa manyafahimta matakinci gaba da lalacewa.

Fuskantar wannan cutar Alzheimer da ke ƙara yaɗuwa, masana kimiyya suna aiki tuƙuru don nazarin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su.Wasu mutane suna mayar da hankali kan mai laifin da ke haifar da mutuwar jijiyoyi, ƙoƙarin rage samar da furotin beta-amyloid;wasu sun himmatu wajen inganta farfaɗowar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, da fatan za su gyara guraben lahani na lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiya, wanda watakila shine manufar "samuwa idan ya ɓace."

A cikin balagagge kwakwalwar dabbobi masu shayarwa, hakika akwai wurare guda biyu da ke ci gaba da samar da sababbin kwayoyin jijiya, daya daga cikinsu yana cikin gyrus hippocampal.Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu haɓaka kansu ana kiran su “kwayoyin progenitor neural”.Kwayoyin da aka haifa daga gare su za a ƙara su zuwa ainihin da'irar jijiyoyi don taimakawa koyan sabbin ƙwarewa da ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwan tunawa.

Duk da haka, ana iya lura a cikin mutane ko berayen cewa cutar Alzheimer na iya rushe yaduwar ƙwayoyin precursor na jijiyoyi.A zamanin yau, ƙarin shaidu sun nuna cewa haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin precursor na jijiyoyi na iya rage lalacewar fahimi da cutar Alzheimer ke haifarwa kuma yana iya zama dabarar da za ta iya magance cutar Alzheimer.

A cikin Janairu 2017, wani binciken da aka buga tare a cikin "Stem Cell Reports" na Jami'ar Tongji, Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halitta ta Shanghai, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, da dai sauransu, ya tabbatar da cewa polysaccharides ko ruwa dagaGanoderma lucidum (Naman kaza na Reishi, Lingzhi) na iya rage raunin fahimi da cutar Alzheimer ke haifarwa, rage jigon amyloid-β (Aβ) a cikin kwakwalwa, da haɓaka haɓakar sel precursor na jijiyoyi a cikin gyrus hippocampal.Tsarin aikin na ƙarshe yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da kunna mai karɓar mai karɓa da ake kira FGFR1 akan sel precursor na jijiyoyi saboda ƙa'idodinGanoderma lucidum.

Alzheimer's berayen da suke ciGanoderma lucidumsuna da mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Gwaje-gwajen dabba a cikin wannan binciken sun yi amfani da berayen transgenic APP/PS1 mai watanni 5 zuwa 6-wato, amfani da fasahar canja wurin kwayoyin halitta don canja wurin kwayoyin halittar ɗan adam APP da PS1 (wanda zai iya haifar da farkon farkon cutar Alzheimer) zuwa cikin. sababbin ɓerayen da aka haifa don ingantaccen bayyanar da kwayoyin halitta.Wannan zai sa kwakwalwar beraye su fara samar da amyloid-β (Aβ) tun suna matashi (bayan watanni 2), kuma lokacin da suka girma zuwa watanni 5-6, sannu a hankali za su sami matsala a cikin ganewar sararin samaniya da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. .

A wasu kalmomi, berayen da aka yi amfani da su a gwajin sun riga sun sami alamun farko na cutar Alzheimer.Masu binciken sun ciyar da irin wannan berayen Alzheimer tare da GLP (tsarki polysaccharides keɓe dagaGanoderma lucidumspore foda tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 15 kD) a kashi na yau da kullum na 30 mg / kg (wato, 30 MG kowace kilogiram na nauyin jiki kowace rana) na kwanaki 90 a jere.

Bayan haka, masu binciken sun sake kwashe kwanaki 12 suna gwada iya fahimtar ɓerayen a cikin mashin ruwa na Morris (MWM) tare da kwatanta su da na berayen da ke da cutar Alzheimer waɗanda ba su sami wani magani ba da kuma na ɓeraye na yau da kullun.

Beraye suna da kyama ga ruwa.Idan aka sanya su a cikin ruwa, za su yi ƙoƙarin samun busasshen wuri don hutawa.The "Morris Water Maze Test" yana amfani da yanayin su don kafa dandalin hutawa a wani ƙayyadadden wuri a cikin babban tafkin madauwari.Tun da dandamali yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ruwa, berayen dole ne su same shi ta hanyar koyo da tunawa kawai.A sakamakon haka, masu binciken za su iya tantance ko berayen suna yin dusar ƙanƙara ko wayo a lokacin da berayen suka gano dandalin, nisan da suka yi iyo da hanyar da suka bi.

An gano cewa babu wani gagarumin bambanci a gudun ninkaya na beraye a kowace kungiya.Amma idan aka kwatanta da ɓeraye na yau da kullun, berayen Alzheimer waɗanda ba su sami wani magani ba dole ne su ciyar da lokaci mai yawa da yin iyo mai nisa don nemo dandamali tare da hanyar da ba ta dace ba kamar a cikin sa'a, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙwaƙwalwar sararin samaniya ta lalace sosai.

Sabanin haka, berayen Alzheimer suna ciyar da suReishi naman kazapolysaccharides koGanoderma lucidumRuwan da ake samu ya samu dandali cikin sauri, kuma kafin su gano dandalin, sun fi yawo a cikin (quadrant) da dandalin yake, kamar sun san kusan wurin da dandalin yake, wanda hakan ke nuni da cewa barnar da kwakwalwarsu ke yi ba ta da yawa.【Hoto na 1, Hoto na 2】

Bugu da ƙari, masu binciken sun kuma lura a cikin wani gwaji cewa ga ƙudaje na 'ya'yan itace da ke samar da adadi mai yawa na amyloid-β (Aβ) a cikin kwakwalwarsu (har ila yau ta hanyar hanyoyin canja wurin kwayoyin halitta don kafa samfurin gwaji),Ganoderma lucidumtsantsa ruwa ba zai iya inganta haɓakar sararin samaniya ba da kuma damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ƙudaje na 'ya'yan itace ba amma kuma yana kara tsawon rayuwar kwari.

Masu binciken kuma sun yi amfani da suGanoderma lucidumcirewar ruwa (300mg/kg a kowace rana) a cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba da aka ambata a sama kuma sun gano cewa yana iya rage raunin fahimi na sararin samaniya wanda cutar Alzheimer ke haifarwa kamar yadda aka ambata a baya.Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharides (GLP).

Yi amfani da "Gwajin Maza Ruwa na Morris" don kimanta ikon ƙwaƙwalwar sararin samaniya na beraye

[Hoto na 1] Hanyoyin iyo na mice a kowace rukuni.Shuɗi shine tafkin, fari shine matsayi na dandamali, ja kuma shine hanyar iyo.

[Hoto na 2] Matsakaicin lokacin da ake buƙata ga kowane rukunin beraye don nemo dandalin hutu a ranar 7th na gwajin maze na ruwa na Morris

(Rahotanni na tushen/Stem Cell. 2017 Jan 10; 8 (1): 84-94.)

Lingzhiyana haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin precursor na jijiyoyi a cikin gyrus hippocampal.

Bayan gwajin magudanar ruwa na kwanaki 12, masu binciken sun yi nazari kan kwakwalwar beraye kuma sun gano hakanGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharides daGanoderma lucidumruwan 'ya'yan itace duka suna inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin jijiya a cikin gyrus hippocampal kuma suna rage amyloid-β ƙaddamarwa.

An ƙara tabbatar da cewa sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiya da aka haifa a cikin gyrus hippocampus galibi sel precursor ne na jijiyoyi.KumaGanoderma lucidumyana da tasiri ga berayen cutar Alzheimer.Ciyar da al'ada samari manya beraye daGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharides (GLP) a kashi na yau da kullun na 30 mg/kg na kwanaki 14 kuma yana iya haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin precursor na jijiyoyi a cikin gyrus hippocampal.

Gwaje-gwajen in vitro sun kuma tabbatar da cewa ga sel precursor na jijiyoyi waɗanda ke ware daga gyrus hippocampal na berayen manya na yau da kullun ko berayen Alzheimer ko sel precursor na jijiyoyi waɗanda aka samo daga ƙwayoyin jikin ɗan adam,Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharides na iya inganta haɓakar waɗannan sel masu ƙima don haɓakawa, kuma sabbin ƙwayoyin da aka haifar suna riƙe da ainihin halayen ƙwayoyin precursor na jijiyoyi, wato, suna iya yin yaduwa da sabunta kansu.

Wani bincike ya nuna cewaGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharides (GLP) na iya inganta neurogenesis musamman saboda suna iya ƙarfafa mai karɓa da ake kira "FGFR1" (ba mai karɓar EGFR ba) akan sel precursor na jijiyoyi, yana sa ya fi dacewa da haɓakar "factor ci gaban jijiya bFGF", wanda ke aika ƙarin bayani game da "kwayoyin halitta". yaduwa” zuwa sel precursor na jijiyoyi, sannan an sami ƙarin sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiya.

Tun da sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na iya ƙara haɗawa da da'irori na jijiyoyi don yin aiki bayan sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin kwakwalwa da ke buƙatar ta, wannan ya kamata ya rage nau'in rashin fahimta da ke haifar da mutuwar kwayar cutar ta Alzheimer.

Matsayin bangarori daban-daban naGanoderma lucidumyana rage saurin mantuwa.

Sakamakon binciken da ke sama bari mu ga tasirin kariya naGanoderma lucidumakan kwayoyin jijiya.Bugu da ƙari, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-β-amyloid deposition da sauran abubuwan da aka sani a baya.GanodermalucidumHakanan zai iya inganta neurogenesis.Ga berayen Alzheimer waɗanda suke da lahani iri ɗaya kuma suna cikin alamomi iri ɗaya, wannan shine dalilin da yasa tsananin alamun cutar ya bambanta sosai tsakanin masu cin abinci.Ganoderma lucidumda wadanda ba su ci baGanoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidummaiyuwa ba zai iya dawo da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya gaba ɗaya a cikin marasa lafiya na Alzheimer ba, amma hanyoyin aikin sa daban-daban na iya rage tabarbarewar cutar Alzheimer.Muddin majiyyaci ya tuna da kansa da sauran sauran rayuwarsa, cutar Alzheimer ba za ta kasance mai muni ba.

[Madogararsa] Huang S, et al.Polysaccharides daga Ganoderma lucidum Yana Haɓaka Ayyukan Fahimi da Yaɗuwar Ƙwararrun Jijiya a Model Mouse na Cutar Alzheimer.Rahoton Kwayoyin Stem.2017 Jan 10; 8 (1): 84-94.doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.007.

KARSHE

Game da marubucin / Ms. Wu Tingyao

Wu Tingyao ta kasance tana ba da rahoto game da bayanan Ganoderma na farko tun 1999. Ita ce marubucin labarun Ganoderma.Waraka tare da Ganoderma(an buga a The People's Medical Publishing House a Afrilu 2017).

★ An buga wannan labarin ne a ƙarƙashin izini na musamman na marubucin.★ Wadannan ayyukan da ke sama ba za a iya sake su ba, cire su ko amfani da su ta wasu hanyoyi ba tare da izinin marubuci ba.★ Don keta bayanin da ke sama, marubucin zai bi alhakin da ya dace na shari'a.★ Asalin rubutun wannan labarin Wu Tingyao ne ya rubuta shi da Sinanci kuma Alfred Liu ya fassara shi zuwa Turanci.Idan akwai wani sabani tsakanin fassarar (Turanci) da na asali (China), asalin Sinanci zai yi nasara.Idan masu karatu suna da wasu tambayoyi, tuntuɓi marubuciyar asali, Ms. Wu Tingyao.