January 20, 2017 / Guangdong Institute of Microbiology and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province / Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Umbhalo/ Wu Tingyao

Sekuyisikhathi eside iqiniso elaziwayo ukuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides angasiza ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, kodwa ukuthi sisebenza kanjani isihloko ososayensi abafuna ukwazi kabanzi ngaso.

Kusukela ngo-2012, i-Guangdong Institute of Microbiology kanye neCentre for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province ngokubambisana bakhiphe umbiko othi i-high molecular weight polysaccharides (GLPs) ekhishwe emanzini ashisayoI-Ganoderma lucidumimizimba ethela izithelo inomphumela omuhle we-hypoglycemic wohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela (T2D).

Manje, sebephinde bahlukanisa ama-polysaccharide amane kuma-GLPs, futhi bathatha i-F31 esebenza kakhulu (isisindo sengqamuzana esingaba ngu-15.9 kDa, equkethe amaprotheni angu-15.1%) ukuze benze ucwaningo olunzulu, futhi bathola ukuthi ayikwazi ukulawula ushukela wegazi kuphela ngezindlela eziningi kodwa. futhi vikela isibindi.

LingzhiI-polysaccharides inganciphisa i-hyperglycemia.

Ocwaningweni lwezilwane olwathatha amasonto ayi-6, kwatholakala ukuthi amagundane anesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (I-Ganoderma lucidumumthamo omkhulu weqembu) udliwe ngo-50 mg/kgI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 nsuku zonke ayenezinga leglucose elizila ukudla elihlale liphansi kunamagundane angelapheki wesifo sikashukela (iqembu lokulawula), futhi bekunomehluko omkhulu.

Ngokuphambene, amagundane anesifo sikashukela (I-Ganoderma lucidumiqembu-low umthamo) nabo abadlayoI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 nsuku zonke kodwa ngethamo lika-25 mg/kg kuphela abe nokwehla okusobala okuncane kushukela wegazi.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides anomphumela wokulawula ushukela wegazi, kodwa umphumela uzothintwa umthamo (Umfanekiso 1).

Umfanekiso 1 Umphumela weI-Ganoderma lucidumekuzileni kwamazinga eglucose egazini kumagundane anesifo sikashukela

[Incazelo] Umuthi we-hypoglycemic osetshenziswa “Eqenjini Lemithi YaseNtshonalanga” i-metformin (Loditon), ethathwa ngomlomo ku-50 mg/kg nsuku zonke.Iyunithi yeglucose esegazini ngummol/L.Hlukanisa inani likashukela egazini ngo-0.0555 ukuze uthole i-mg/dL.Izinga likashukela wegazi lokuzila ukudla elijwayelekile kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-5.6 mmol/L (cishe u-100 mg/dL), libe ngaphezu kuka-7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) isifo sikashukela.(Idwetshwe ngu/Wu Tingyao, umthombo wedatha/J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 196:47-57.)

Reishi amakhoweama-polysaccharides anciphisa ukulimala kwesibindi okubangelwa isifo sikashukela.

Ingatholakala ku-Figure 1 ukuthi nakubaI-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides F31 ingakwazi ukulawula i-glucose yegazi, umphumela wayo ungaphansi kancane kunowezokwelapha wasentshonalanga, futhi ayikwazi ukubuyisela i-glucose yegazi esimweni esijwayelekile.Noma kunjalo,I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides aseqalile ukudlala indima ekuvikeleni isibindi.

Ingabonwa kuMfanekiso 2, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukwakheka kanye ne-morphology yezicubu zesibindi zamagundane anesifo sikashukela avikelweI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 (50 mg/kg) ayefana namagundane avamile, futhi kwakukhona ukuvuvukala okuncane.Ngokuphambene nalokho, izicubu zesibindi zamagundane esifo sikashukela angazange athole ukwelashwa zalimala kakhulu, futhi izimo zokuvuvukala ne-necrosis nazo zazibucayi kakhulu.

Umfanekiso 2 Umphumela we-Hepatoprotective weI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides kumagundane anesifo sikashukela

[Incazelo] Umcibisholo omhlophe ukhomba endaweni evuvukele noma ene-necrotic.(Umthombo/J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 196:47-57.)

I-Pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Izifundo eziningi esikhathini esidlule zachaza indlela yeI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides alawula ushukela wegazi ngokombono "wokuvikela amaseli e-pancreatic islet kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin."Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides ingathuthukisa i-hyperglycemia ngezinye izindlela.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kufanele siqale sazi izihluthulelo ezimbalwa zokwakheka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.Ngemuva kokuthi umuntu onomsebenzi ojwayelekile we-metabolic edle, amangqamuzana akhe e-pancreas islet azokhipha i-insulin, eshukumisa amangqamuzana emisipha namangqamuzana anamafutha ukuthi akhiqize “i-glucose transporter (GLUT4)” endaweni yeseli ukuze “ihambise” ushukela osegazini emangqamuzaneni.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ayikwazi ukuwela ulwelwesi lweseli ngokuqondile, ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli ngaphandle kosizo lwe-GLUT4.I-crux yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ukuthi amaseli awazwani ne-insulin (ukumelana ne-insulin).Ngisho noma i-insulin ikhiqizwa kaningi, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-GLUT4 eyanele endaweni yeseli.

Lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi senzeke kubantu abakhuluphele, ngoba amafutha ahlanganisa i-peptide hormone ebizwa ngokuthi "resistin", ebangela ukumelana ne-insulin kumaseli amafutha.

Njengoba i-glucose iwumthombo wamandla wengqamuzana, lapho amangqamuzana entula i-glucose, ngaphezu kokwenza abantu bafune ukudla kakhulu, izophinde ikhuthaze isibindi ukuthi sikhiqize i-glucose eyengeziwe.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zesibindi sokukhiqiza i-glucose: enye iwukubola i-glycogen, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-glucose ekuqaleni egcinwe esibindini;enye iwukuvuselela i-glycogen, okungukuthi, ukuguqula izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe ezingezona ama-carbohydrate njengamaprotheni namafutha zibe ushukela.

Le miphumela emibili ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 inamandla kakhulu kuneyabantu abajwayelekile.Lapho izinga lokusebenzisa i-glucose ngamangqamuzana ezicubu lincipha ngenkathi inani lokukhiqizwa kwe-glucose liqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kuba nzima ngokwemvelo ukuthi i-glucose yegazi yehle.

I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides anciphisa inani le-glucose ekhiqizwa isibindi futhi athuthukise izinga lokusebenzisa i-glucose ngamaseli.

I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 abonakala ekwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla.Ngemva kokuphela kokuhlolwa kwezilwane, abacwaningi bakhipha isibindi segundane namafutha e-epididymal (njengenkomba yamafutha omzimba), bawahlaziya futhi bawaqhathanisa, bathola ukuthi i-F31 inendlela elandelayo yokwenza (Umfanekiso 3):

1.Yenza i-AMPK protein kinase esibindini, yehlise ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kwama-enzyme amaningana ahilelekile ku-glycogenolysis noma i-gluconeogenesis esibindini, yehlise ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose, futhi ilawule ushukela wegazi kusuka emthonjeni.

2. Khulisa inani le-GLUT4 kuma-adipocyte futhi uvimbele ukukhishwa kwe-resissin kusuka ku-adipocytes (okwenza lezi ziguquguqukayo ezimbili zisondelene kakhulu nesimo samagundane avamile), ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuzwela kwama-adipocyte ku-insulin nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose.

3. Ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo zama-enzyme abalulekile ahilelekile ekuhlanganiseni kwamafutha ezicubu ze-adipose, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lamafutha esisindweni somzimba nokunciphisa izici ezihlobene nokumelana ne-insulin.

Kuyabonakala ukuthiI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides angalawula ushukela wegazi okungenani ngezindlela ezintathu, futhi lezi zindlela azihlangene “nokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin”, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba engeziwe okuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. 

Umfanekiso 3 Indlela yeI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi

[Incazelo] I-epididymis iyishubhu elincane le-seminiferous elifana nekhoyili elisondele phezulu kwesende, elixhuma i-vas deferens namasende.Njengoba amafutha azungeze i-epididymis ahlotshaniswa kahle namafutha aphelele omzimba wonke (ikakhulukazi amafutha e-visceral), ngokuvamile aba inkomba yokubheka yokuhlola.Ngokuqondene nendlela yokunciphisa i-GP namanye ama-enzyme ngemuvaI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides enza i-AMPK isebenze, idinga ukucaciswa okwengeziwe, ngakho ubudlelwano phakathi kwakho kokubili buboniswa ngokuthi “?”emfanekisweni.(Umthombo (J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 196:47-57.)

Uhlobo olulodwaI-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides ayiyona engcono ngempela.

Imiphumela yocwaningo eshiwo ngenhla isinika ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi “kanjaniI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides anenzuzo kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2”.Kusikhumbuza futhi ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenzisa imithi yasentshonalanga nomaI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides, ushukela wegazi ungase ungabuyeli kwesejwayelekile ngesikhathi esisodwa noma uguquguquke phezulu naphansi isikhathi esithile njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.

Ungaphoxeki ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba inqobo nje uma udlaI-Ganoderma lucidum, izitho zakho zangaphakathi zivikelekile.

Kuhle ukusho ukuthi, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwesihloko,I-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 ama-polysaccharides ama-molecule amancane “akhiwe” asuka kuma-GLP.Uma uqhathanisa imiphumela yabo ye-hypoglycemic ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuhlola, uzothola ukuthi umphumela wama-GLPs ungcono kakhulu kunalowo we-F31 (Umfanekiso 4).

Ngamanye amazwi, uhlobo olulodwaI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides awawona angcono, kodwa umphumela ophelele wezinhlobo ezibanziI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides aphezulu.Njengoba ama-GLP angama-polysaccharides angahluziwe atholakala kuwoI-Ganoderma lucidumimizimba yezithelo ngokukhipha amanzi ashisayo, inqobo nje uma udla imikhiqizo equketheI-Ganoderma lucidumimizimba yezithelo ekhipha amanzi, ngeke uphuthelwe ama-GLP. 

Umfanekiso 4 Umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zeI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides ekuzileni amazinga eglucose yegazi 

[Incazelo] Ngemuva kokuthi amagundane anesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (inani likashukela wegazi elizila ukudla elingu-12-13 mmol/L) ethole umjovo wansuku zonke we-intraperitonealI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides F31 (50 mg/kg),I-Ganoderma lucidumcrude polysaccharides GLPs (50 mg/kg noma 100 mg/kg) izinsuku eziyi-7 ezilandelanayo, amazinga kashukela egazini aqhathaniswa nawamagundane avamile kanye namagundane anesifo sikashukela angalashwanga.(Idwetshwe ngu/Wu Tingyao, umthombo wedatha/Arch Pharm Res. 2012; 35(10):1793-801.J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 196:47-57.)

Imithombo

1. U-Xiao C, et al.Umsebenzi we-Antidiabetic we-Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 wehlisela phansi ama-enzyme okulawula ushukela we-hepatic kumagundane anesifo sikashukela.J Ethnopharmacol.2017 Jan 20;196:47-57.

2. U-Xiao C, nabanye.Imiphumela ye-Hypoglycemic ye-Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides ohlotsheni lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela.I-Arch Pharm Res.2012 Okthoba;35(10):1793-801.

PHELA

Mayelana nombhali/ Nks. Wu Tingyao

UWu Tingyao ubelokhu ebika ngolwazi lwe-Ganoderma lokuqala kusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadiUkwelapha nge-Ganoderma(ishicilelwe ku-People's Medical Publishing House ngo-Ephreli 2017).

★ Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngaphansi kokugunyazwa okukhethekile kombhali.★ Le misebenzi engenhla ayinakuphinda ikhiqizwe, ikhishwe noma isetshenziswe ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali.★ Ngokuphulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, umbhali uzolandela izibopho ezingokomthetho ezifanele.★ Umbhalo wokuqala walesi sihloko ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.