Ephreli 2019 / Isibhedlela iXuanwu, i-Capital Medical University, Beijing / Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Umbhalo/Wu Tingyao

Ingabe i-Ganoderma lucidum iyasiza ezigulini ezine-Parkinson's disease (PD)?
Ithimba eliholwa u-Chen Biao, uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa kanye nomqondisi we-Parkinson's Disease Research, Diagnose and Treatment Center esibhedlela i-Xuanwu, i-Capital Medical University, e-Beijing, lishicilele umbiko wocwaningo ku-Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (I-Chinese Journal of Pharmacology) ngo-Ephreli 2019. ifanele ireferensi yakho.
Ukubona amandla e-Ganoderma lucidum ukuthuthukisa isifo sika-Parkinson kusuka ekuhlolweni komtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamaseli

Ithimba labacwaningi lishilo kulo mbiko ukuthi bake babona ukusebenza kahle kwe-Ganoderma lucidum extract ezigulini ezingama-300 ezinesifo sikaParkinson esivivinyweni somtholampilo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, esingaboni kahle, esilawulwa yi-placebo: inkambo yesifo sesifundo kusukela esigabeni sokuqala (izimpawu avele ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba) esigabeni sesine (isiguli sidinga usizo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kodwa singakwazi ukuzihambela).Ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokulandelela, kutholakala ukuthi ukuphathwa ngomlomo kwe-4 amagremu we-Ganoderma lucidum extract ngosuku kunganciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-dyskinesia yesiguli.Nakuba imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingakashicilelwa, seluvele lunikeze ithimba locwaningo amazwibela amathuba athile e-Ganoderma lucidum ezigulini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye bathola ngaphambilini ekuhlolweni kweseli ukuthi i-Ganoderma lucidum extract ingavimbela ukusebenza kwe-microglia (amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba ebuchosheni) futhi igweme ukulimala kwe-dopamine neurons (amangqamuzana ezinzwa akhiqiza i-dopamine) ngokuvuvukala ngokweqile.Lo mphumela wocwaningo wanyatheliswa ku-"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine" ngo-2011.
Ukufa okukhulu kwama-dopamine neurons ku-substantia nigra kuyimbangela yesifo sika-Parkinson, ngoba i-dopamine iyi-neurotransmitter ebalulekile ukuze ubuchopho bulawule ukusebenza kwemisipha.Lapho inani le-dopamine lehliselwa ezingeni elithile, iziguli zizoqala ukuzwa izimpawu ze-Parkinson ezivamile njengokuxhawula okungenangqondo kwezandla nezinyawo, izitho eziqinile, ukunyakaza kancane, nokuma okungazinzile (ukuwa kalula ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ibhalansi).
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola okungenhla kubonisa ukuthi i-Ganoderma lucidum extract inomphumela wokuvikela ama-dopamine neurons, okumele abe nokubaluleka okuthile ku-Parkinson's disease.Ukuthi umphumela onjalo wokuvikela ungasungulwa yini emzimbeni, futhi iyiphi indlela yokusebenza i-Ganoderma lucidum eyisebenzisayo ukuvikela ama-dopamine neurons ukugxila kwethimba locwaningo embikweni oshicilelwe.
Amagundane anesifo sikaParkinson adla i-Ganoderma lucidum anokonakala kwezitho zomzimba kancane.

I-Ganoderma lucidum esetshenziswe ekuhloleni iwukulungiswa okwenziwe nge-Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body extract, equkethe u-10% we-polysaccharides, u-0.3-0.4% we-ganoderic acid A kanye no-0.3-0.4% we-ergosterol.
Abacwaningi baqale bajova i-neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) kumagundane ukuze baveze izimpawu ezifana nesifo sika-Parkinson base bephatha amagundane ngokuphathwa kwe-intragastric nsuku zonke kwe-400 mg/kg. Ukukhishwa kwe-Ganoderma lucidum.Ngemva kwamasonto amane, amagundane ahlolwe amandla awo okulawula ukunyakaza kwezitho ngokuhlolwa kokuhamba kwe-balance beam kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-rotarod.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane anesifo sika-Parkinson ayengavikelwe yi-Ganoderma lucidum, amagundane anesifo sikaParkinson adle i-Ganoderma lucidum angakwazi ukudlulisa ibhalansi ngokushesha futhi aqhubeke egijima ku-rotarod isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi eduze neqembu lokulawula. yamagundane avamile ekuhlolweni kwe-rotarod (Umfanekiso 1).Le miphumela yonke ibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-Ganoderma lucidum extract kunganciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwezitho okubangelwa isifo sika-Parkinson.

Umfanekiso 1 Umphumela wokudla i-Ganoderma lucidum amasonto amane ekuhambeni kwezitho zamagundane anesifo sikaParkinson.

Umsebenzi wokuhamba nge-Beam
Umsebenzi wokuhamba wawuhlanganisa ukubeka igundane epulangweni elilengayo (amasentimitha angu-50 ngaphezu kwesitezi), ugongolo oluwumngcingo (amasentimitha angu-100 ubude, ububanzi obungu-1.0 cm no-1.0 ubude).Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa, igundane labekwa endaweni yokuqala libheke ekhejini lasekhaya, futhi isitophuwashi saqala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhululwa kwesilwane.Ukusebenza kwahlolwa ngokurekhoda ukubambezeleka kwesilwane ukuze sinqamule umsebe.
Umsebenzi we-Rotarod
Emsebenzini we-rotarod, imingcele ihlelwe kanje: isivinini sokuqala, ukuphenduka okuhlanu ngomzuzu (rpm);isivinini esiphezulu, 30 futhi 40 rpm phakathi 300 s.Ubude besikhathi amagundane asala ku-rotarod saqoshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Amagundane anesifo sika-Parkinson adla i-Ganoderma lucidum anokulahlekelwa okuncane kwama-dopamine neurons.

Ekuhlaziyweni kwezicubu zobuchopho zamagundane okuhlola angenhla, kwatholakala ukuthi inani lama-dopamine neurons ku-substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) noma i-striatum yamagundane anesifo sika-Parkinson elalidliswe i-Ganoderma lucidum laliphindwe kabili noma nangaphezulu. kunaleyo yamagundane anesifo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwe-Ganoderma lucidum (Umfanekiso 2).
Ama-dopamine neurons we-substantia nigra tissue yobuchopho agxile kakhulu ku-substantia nigra pars compacta, kanti ama-dopamine neurons lapha nawo adlulela ku-striatum.I-Dopamine esuka ku-substantia nigra pars compacta idluliselwa ku-striatum kule ndlela, bese idlulisela umlayezo wokulawula ukunyakaza phansi.Ngakho-ke, inani lama-dopamine neurons kulezi zingxenye ezimbili libaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikaParkinson.
Ngokusobala, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuMfanekiso 2 ibonisa ukuthi kumagundane anesifo sika-Parkinson, ukukhishwa kwe-Ganoderma lucidum kungavikela ama-dopamine neurons we-substantia nigra pars compacta kanye ne-striatum ngesikhathi esifanayo.Futhi lo mphumela wokuvikela ubuye uchaze ngokwezinga elithile ukuthi kungani amagundane anesifo sikaParkinson adla i-Ganoderma lucidum enamandla angcono emoto.

Umfanekiso 2 Umphumela wokudla i-Ganoderma lucidum amasonto amane kuma-dopamine neurons ebuchosheni bamagundane anesifo sikaParkinson.
[Qaphela] Umfanekiso C ubonisa ukungcoliswa kwengxenye yezicubu zobuchopho begundane.Izingxenye ezinemibala ziyi-dopamine neurons.Lapho umbala umnyama, inani elikhulu lama-dopamine neurons.Amanani A no-B asekelwe kuMfanekiso C ukuze kulinganise ama-dopamine neurons.
I-Ganoderma lucidum ivikela ukusinda kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi igcine umsebenzi we-mitochondria.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Ganoderma lucidum extract ivikela kanjani i-dopamine neurons, abacwaningi baqhubeka beyihlaziya ngokuhlolwa kwamaseli.Kutholwe ukuthi ukuhlanganisa i-neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +) kanye namangqamuzana ezinzwa zegundane akubanga nje kuphela inani elikhulu lamangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuthi afe kodwa futhi nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial ngaphakathi kwamaseli (Umfanekiso 3).
I-Mitochondria ibizwa ngokuthi "ama-generator cell", umthombo wamandla wokusebenza kwamaseli.Lapho i-mitochondria iwela enkingeni yokungasebenzi kahle, akuwona kuphela amandla (ATP) akhiqizwayo ancishiswa kakhulu, kodwa kukhishwa ama-radicals amaningi mahhala, asheshisa ukuguga nokufa kwamaseli.
Izinkinga ezibalulwe ngenhla zizoba zimbi kakhulu ngokwandiswa kwesikhathi sesenzo se-MPP+, kodwa uma i-Ganoderma lucidum extract yengezwa kuyo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingasusa ukubulawa kwengxenye ye-MPP+, futhi igcine amangqamuzana ezinzwa engeziwe kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-mitochondria (Umfanekiso 3).

Umfanekiso wesi-3 Umphumela wokuvikela we-Ganoderma lucidum kumaseli wezinzwa zegundane kanye ne-mitochondria

[Qaphela] Umfanekiso A ubonisa izinga lokufa kwamaseli emizwa yegundane akhuliswe ku-vitro.Uma isikhathi sokusebenza se-neurotoxin MPP+ (1 mM) siba side, izinga lokufa liphezulu.Kodwa-ke, uma i-Ganoderma lucidum extract yengezwa (800 μg/mL), izinga lokufa kweseli lizoncishiswa kakhulu.

Isithombe B yi-mitochondria esitokisini.I-fluorescent ebomvu i-mitochondria esebenza ngokujwayelekile (amandla olwelwesi oluvamile), futhi i-fluorescent eluhlaza yi-mitochondria engasebenzi kahle (ukuncipha kwamandla olwelwesi).Lapho i-fluorescence eluhlaza kakhulu futhi iqina, i-mitochondria engavamile kakhulu.
Indlela engenzeka ngayo i-Ganoderma lucidum ivikela ama-dopamine neurons

Amaprotheni amaningi angajwayelekile anqwabelana ku-substantia nigra yobuchopho abangela ukufa kwenani elikhulu lama-dopamine neurons, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sesifo sikaParkinson.Ukuthi la maprotheni abangela kanjani ukufa kwe-dopamine neurons, nakuba ingakacaciswanga ngokuphelele, kuyaziwa ukuthi ihlobene eduze "nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial" kanye "nokwanda kokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative" kumaseli wezinzwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwe-mitochondria kuba ukhiye obalulekile wokubambezela ukuwohloka kwesifo.
Abacwaningi bathi izifundo eziningi esikhathini esidlule ziye zathi i-Ganoderma lucidum ivikela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulwa ne-antioxidant, futhi ucwaningo lwabo luye lwaqaphela ukuthi i-Ganoderma lucidum extract ingagcina umsebenzi kanye nekhwalithi ye-mitochondria ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle ukuze i-mitochondria engasebenzi ngeke iqongelele. kakhulu emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa futhi anciphise isikhathi sokuphila samangqamuzana ezinzwa;ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhishwa kwe-Ganoderma lucidum nakho kungavimbela indlela ye-apoptosis kanye ne-autophagy ukuthi isebenze, kunciphise ithuba lokuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa azozibulala ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwangaphandle.
Kuvela ukuthi i-Ganoderma lucidum ingavikela ama-neurons e-dopamine ngendlela ehlukene, iwavumele ukuba aphile ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwamaprotheni anobuthi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baphinde babona emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa zobuchopho zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zegundane ukuthi i-neurotoxin MPP + izonciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwe-mitochondria kuma-axon, kodwa uma ivikelwe yi-Ganoderma lucidum ekhishwe ngasikhathi sinye, ukunyakaza kwe-mitochondria kuzokwehla. ishesha kakhulu.
Amaseli ezinzwa ahlukile kumaseli ajwayelekile.Ngokungeziwe kumzimba weseli, iphinde ikhule "amathente" amade asuka emzimbeni weseli ukuze adlulisele izinto zamakhemikhali ezifihliwe umzimba weseli.Lapho i-mitochondria ihamba ngokushesha, inqubo yokudlulisela izoba bushelelezi.Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani iziguli noma amagundane anesifo sikaParkinson adla i-Ganoderma lucidum akwazi ukulondoloza amandla okuzivocavoca angcono.
I-Ganoderma lucidum isiza iziguli ukuba zihlalisane ngokuthula nesifo sika-Parkinson

Njengamanje, awukho umuthi ongahlehlisa inkambo yesifo sikaParkinson.Abantu bangazama kuphela ukubambezela ukuwohloka kwalesi sifo kuyilapho ukulondoloza ukusebenza kwe-mitochondria kumaseli ezinzwa kuthathwa njengesu elisebenzisekayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Kunokufana okuningi phakathi kwama-neurotoxins asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezilwane okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kanye nokuhlolwa kwamaseli kanye nephrotheni enobuthi ebangela isifo sika-Parkinson kubantu endleleni yabo yokulimaza ama-dopamine neurons.Ngakho-ke, umphumela we-Ganoderma lucidum extract ekuhlolweni okungenhla cishe yindlela i-Ganoderma lucidum extract evikela ngayo iziguli ezine-Parkinson's disease ekusebenzeni komtholampilo, futhi umphumela ungafinyelelwa "ngokudla".
Kodwa-ke, njengemiphumela ebonwa kubantu, izilwane namaseli, i-Ganoderma lucidum isiza ukubambezela ukuwohloka kwesifo kunokuqeda lesi sifo.Ngakho-ke, indima ye-Ganoderma lucidum extract ku-Parkinson's disease akufanele kube ukuhlangana kwesikhashana kodwa ubungane besikhathi eside.
Njengoba singeke sikwazi ukusiqeda lesi sifo, singafunda ukuphila naso futhi sinciphise ukuphazamisa kwaso emizimbeni nasezimpilweni zethu.Lokhu kufanele kube ukubaluleka kwe-Ganoderma lucidum yesifo sika-Parkinson.
[Umthombo] Ren ZL, et al.I-Ganoderma lucidum extract ithuthukisa i-parkinsonism eyenziwe yi-MPTP futhi ivikela ama-neurons e-dopaminergic ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative ngokulawula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, i-autophagy, ne-apoptosis.I-Acta Pharmacol Sin.2019 Apr;40(4):441-450.
PHELA
Mayelana nombhali/ Nks. Wu Tingyao
U-Wu Tingyao ubelokhu ebika ngolwazi lwe-Ganoderma lokuqala kusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadi ethi Healing with Ganoderma (eshicilelwe ku-People's Medical Publishing House ngo-Ephreli 2017).

★ Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngaphansi kokugunyazwa okukhethekile kombhali.★ Le misebenzi engenhla ayinakuphinda ikhiqizwe, ikhishwe noma isetshenziswe ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali.★ Ngokuphulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, umbhali uzolandela izibopho ezingokomthetho ezifanele.★ Umbhalo wokuqala walesi sihloko ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.