Afrilu 2019 / Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing / Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Rubutu/Wu Tingyao

Shin Ganoderma lucidum yana ba da gudummawa ga marasa lafiya da cutar Parkinson (PD)?
Tawagar karkashin jagorancin Chen Biao, farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar jikin mutum kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtukan Parkinson, Ganewa da Jiyya a Asibitin Xuanwu, Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Capital, Beijing, ta buga rahoton bincike a Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (Jarida ta Sinawa na Magunguna) a cikin Afrilu 2019. ya cancanci ambaton ku.
Ganin yuwuwar Ganoderma lucidum don inganta cutar Parkinson daga gwaje-gwajen asibiti da gwaje-gwajen tantanin halitta.

Ƙungiyar binciken ta bayyana a cikin wannan rahoto cewa sun riga sun lura da tasiri na Ganoderma lucidum cirewa a cikin marasa lafiya 300 tare da cutar Parkinson a cikin bazuwar, makafi biyu, gwajin gwaji na asibiti: yanayin yanayin cutar daga mataki na farko (alamomin cutar). bayyana a gefe ɗaya na jiki) zuwa kashi na huɗu (majiyyaci yana buƙatar taimako a rayuwar yau da kullum amma yana iya tafiya da kansa).Bayan shekaru biyu na bin diddigin, an gano cewa gudanar da baki na 4 grams na Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa kowace rana zai iya rage raguwar lalacewar dyskinesia mai haƙuri.Kodayake ba a buga sakamakon wannan binciken ba, ya riga ya ba wa ƙungiyar binciken hangen nesa na wasu yuwuwar Ganoderma lucidum a cikin marasa lafiya.
Bugu da ƙari, sun riga sun gano a cikin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta cewa Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa zai iya hana kunna microglia (kwayoyin rigakafi a cikin kwakwalwa) da kuma guje wa lalacewa ga kwayoyin dopamine (kwayoyin jijiyar da ke ɓoye dopamine) ta hanyar ƙumburi mai yawa.An buga wannan sakamakon binciken a cikin "Shaida-Based Complementary and Madadin Magunguna" a cikin 2011.
Mutuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopamine a cikin substantia nigra shine sanadin cutar Parkinson, saboda dopamine abu ne mai mahimmanci neurotransmitter don ƙwaƙwalwa don daidaita ayyukan tsoka.Lokacin da aka rage adadin dopamine zuwa wani matakin, marasa lafiya za su fara fuskantar alamun alamun Parkinson na yau da kullun kamar girgiza hannu da ƙafa ba da gangan ba, gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi, jinkirin motsi, da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali (mai sauƙin faɗuwa saboda asarar ma'auni).
Sabili da haka, gwaje-gwajen da ke sama sun nuna cewa Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa yana da tasiri na kare kwayoyin halitta na dopamine, wanda dole ne ya kasance da mahimmanci ga cutar Parkinson.Ko za a iya kafa irin wannan tasiri na kariya a cikin jiki, kuma wane tsarin aikin Ganoderma lucidum ke amfani da shi don kare kwayoyin cutar dopamine shine mayar da hankali ga ƙungiyar bincike a cikin rahoton da aka buga.
Mice masu cutar Parkinson da ke cin Ganoderma lucidum suna da raguwar raguwar motsin hannu.

Ganoderma lucidum da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gwaji shine shirye-shiryen da aka yi da Ganoderma lucidum 'ya'yan itace na jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi 10% polysaccharides, 0.3-0.4% ganoderic acid A da 0.3-0.4% ergosterol.
Masu binciken sun fara allurar da neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) a cikin berayen don haifar da alamun da ke kama da cutar Parkinson sannan kuma sun bi da berayen tare da gudanar da intragastric na yau da kullun na 400 mg/kg. Ganoderma lucidum cirewa.Bayan makonni hudu, an tantance berayen don iyawar su don daidaita motsin hannu ta hanyar gwajin tafiya na katako da gwajin rotarod.
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da berayen da ke da cutar Parkinson da Ganoderma lucidum ba ta kariya ba, berayen da ke da cutar Parkinson da suka ci Ganoderma lucidum na iya wuce ma'auni cikin sauri kuma su ci gaba da tafiya a kan rotarod na dogon lokaci, musamman ma kusan ga ƙungiyar kulawa. na mice na al'ada a cikin gwajin rotarod (Hoto 1).Wadannan sakamakon duk sun nuna cewa ci gaba da amfani da Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa zai iya rage matsalar motsin hannu da cutar Parkinson ke haifarwa.

Hoto 1 Sakamakon cin Ganoderma lucidum na tsawon makonni hudu akan motsin gaɓoɓin beraye tare da cutar Parkinson.

Ayyukan tafiya na katako
Aikin tafiya na katako ya ƙunshi sanya linzamin kwamfuta a kan wani dakatarwa (50 cm sama da bene), ƙananan katako na katako (tsawon 100 cm, faɗi 1.0 cm, da tsayi 1.0 cm).A lokacin horo da gwaji, an sanya linzamin kwamfuta a wurin farawa yana fuskantar kejin gidansa, kuma an fara agogon tsayawa nan da nan bayan sakin dabbar.An kimanta aikin ta hanyar yin rikodin jinkirin dabba don ratsa katako.
Rotarod aiki
A cikin aikin rotarod, an saita sigogi kamar haka: saurin farko, sau biyar a minti daya (rpm);Matsakaicin gudun, 30 da 40 rpm a kan hanya na 300 s.Tsawon lokacin da berayen suka kasance a kan rotarod an yi rikodin ta atomatik.
Mice masu cutar Parkinson da ke cin Ganoderma lucidum suna da asarar ƙananan ƙwayoyin dopamine.

A cikin bincike game da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar gwaji, an gano cewa yawan na neurons a cikin compacta na compacfa fed ganneinsonma lucidum ya ninka biyu ko fiye fiye da na mice marasa lafiya ba tare da kariyar Ganoderma lucidum ba (Hoto 2).
Dopamine neurons na substantia nigra nama na kwakwalwa sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin substantia nigra pars compacta, kuma dopamine neurons anan suma sun kara zuwa striatum.Dopamine daga substantia nigra pars compacta ana watsa shi zuwa striatum akan wannan hanyar, sannan yana kara isar da saƙon daidaita motsi zuwa ƙasa.Sabili da haka, adadin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopamine a cikin waɗannan sassa biyu suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban cutar Parkinson.
A bayyane yake, sakamakon gwaji a cikin Hoto 2 ya nuna cewa ga berayen da ke da cutar Parkinson, cirewar Ganoderma lucidum na iya kare ƙwayoyin dopamine na substantia nigra pars compacta da striatum a lokaci guda.Kuma wannan tasirin kariya kuma yana yin bayanin dalilin da yasa beraye masu cutar Parkinson da ke cin Ganoderma lucidum suna da mafi kyawun injin motsa jiki.

Hoto 2 Sakamakon cin Ganoderma lucidum na tsawon makonni hudu akan kwayoyin dopamine a cikin kwakwalwar mice tare da cutar Parkinson.
[Lura] Hoto C yana nuna tabon sashin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta linzamin kwamfuta.Sassan masu launi sune dopamine neurons.Da duhun launi, mafi girma yawan adadin ƙwayoyin dopamine.Figures A da B sun dogara ne akan Hoto C don ƙididdige ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopamine.
Ganoderma lucidum yana kare rayuwar ƙwayoyin jijiya kuma yana kula da aikin mitochondria

Domin fahimtar yadda Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa ke kare kwayoyin cutar dopamine, masu binciken sun kara yin nazari ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta.An gano cewa haɗin gwiwar neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +) da ƙwayoyin jijiya na linzamin kwamfuta sun haifar da ba wai kawai adadin ƙwayoyin jijiya don mutuwa ba har ma da rashin aikin mitochondrial a cikin sel (Figure 3).
Mitochondria ana kiransa “cell generators”, tushen kuzarin aikin tantanin halitta.Lokacin da mitochondria ya fada cikin rikicin rashin aiki, ba kawai makamashi (ATP) da aka samar ya ragu sosai ba, amma ana fitar da ƙarin radicals kyauta, wanda ke hanzarta tsufa da mutuwar sel.
Matsalolin da aka ambata a sama za su zama mafi tsanani tare da tsawaita lokacin aikin MPP +, amma idan Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa an ƙara shi a lokaci guda, zai iya kashe wani ɓangare na MPP +, kuma yana riƙe da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jijiya da mitochondria na al'ada (Hoto). 3).

Hoto 3 Sakamakon kariya na Ganoderma lucidum akan ƙwayoyin jijiya na linzamin kwamfuta da mitochondria

[Lura] Hoto A yana nuna adadin mutuwar ƙwayoyin jijiya na linzamin kwamfuta wanda aka haɓaka a cikin vitro.Tsawon lokacin aikin neurotoxin MPP+ (1 mM), mafi girman adadin mutuwa.Koyaya, idan an ƙara cirewar Ganoderma lucidum (800 μg/mL), adadin mutuwar tantanin halitta zai ragu sosai.

Hoton B shine mitochondria a cikin tantanin halitta.Jajayen kyalli shine mitochondria tare da aiki na yau da kullun ( yuwuwar yuwuwar membrane na al'ada), kuma kore mai kyalli shine mitochondria tare da ƙarancin aiki (raguwar yuwuwar membrane).Da yawa da ƙarfi da koren kyalli, mafi ƙarancin mitochondria.
Hanyar da za ta yiwu ta hanyar Ganoderma lucidum yana kare kwayoyin cutar dopamine

Yawancin sunadaran da ba su da kyau waɗanda ke taruwa a cikin substantia nigra na kwakwalwa suna haifar da mutuwar adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta na dopamine, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin yanayin cututtukan cututtukan Parkinson.Yadda waɗannan sunadaran ke haifar da mutuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopamine, kodayake ba a fayyace shi gabaɗaya ba, an san cewa yana da alaƙa da kusanci da "tashin hankali na mitochondrial" da "ƙarar damuwa na oxidative" a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya.Saboda haka, kariyar mitochondria ya zama muhimmiyar maɓalli don jinkirta lalacewar cutar.
Masu bincike sun ce yawancin binciken da aka yi a baya sun ce Ganoderma lucidum yana kare ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ta hanyar hanyoyin maganin antioxidant, kuma gwaje-gwajen da suka yi sun lura cewa Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa zai iya kula da aiki da ingancin mitochondria a karkashin yanayin tsoma baki na waje don kada mitochondria na aiki ba zai tara ba. da yawa a cikin sel jijiya kuma yana rage tsawon rayuwar ƙwayoyin jijiya;a gefe guda, Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa kuma zai iya hana tsarin apoptosis da autophagy daga kunnawa, rage damar da kwayoyin jijiyoyi zasu kashe kansu saboda damuwa na waje.
Ya bayyana cewa Ganoderma lucidum na iya kare kwayoyin cutar dopamine ta hanyoyi masu yawa, yana ba su damar tsira a karkashin harin sunadarai masu guba.
Bugu da ƙari, masu binciken sun kuma lura a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyar kwakwalwa na jariran linzamin kwamfuta cewa neurotoxin MPP + zai rage yawan motsi na mitochondria a cikin axon, amma idan an kare shi ta hanyar Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa a lokaci guda, motsi na mitochondria zai yi nasara. zama mai hankali.
Kwayoyin jijiya sun bambanta da sel na yau da kullun.Baya ga jikin tantanin halitta, yana kuma girma dogayen “tentacles” daga jikin tantanin halitta don watsa sinadarai da jikin tantanin halitta ke ɓoye.Lokacin da mitochondria ke motsawa da sauri, tsarin watsawa zai zama santsi.Wannan watakila wani dalili ne da ya sa marasa lafiya ko beraye masu cutar Parkinson da ke cin Ganoderma lucidum na iya kula da mafi kyawun ƙarfin motsa jiki.
Ganoderma lucidum yana taimaka wa marasa lafiya su zauna lafiya tare da cutar Parkinson

A halin yanzu, babu wani magani da zai iya juyar da yanayin cutar Parkinson.Mutane kawai za su iya ƙoƙarin jinkirta lalacewar cutar yayin da ake ci gaba da aikin mitochondria a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya ana ɗaukar dabarun daidaitawa.
Akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin ƙwayoyin neurotoxins da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi da aka ambata a baya da gwaje-gwajen tantanin halitta da furotin mai guba da ke haifar da cutar Parkinson a cikin ɗan adam a cikin hanyarsu na cutar da ƙwayoyin dopamine.Saboda haka, tasirin Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa a cikin gwaje-gwajen da ke sama mai yiwuwa shine hanyar Ganoderma lucidum cirewa yana kare marasa lafiya da cutar Parkinson a cikin aikin asibiti, kuma ana iya samun sakamako ta hanyar "ci".
Duk da haka, kamar yadda sakamakon da ake gani a cikin mutane, dabbobi da kwayoyin halitta, Ganoderma lucidum yana taimakawa wajen jinkirta lalacewar cutar maimakon kawar da cutar.Saboda haka, rawar da Ganoderma lucidum cirewa a cikin cutar Parkinson bai kamata ya zama gamuwa na ɗan lokaci ba amma haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci.
Tun da ba za mu iya kawo karshen cutar ba, za mu iya koyon rayuwa da ita kuma mu rage tsoma bakinta ga jikinmu da rayuwarmu.Wannan yakamata ya zama mahimmancin Ganoderma lucidum don cutar Parkinson.
[Madogararsa] Ren ZL, et al.Ganoderma lucidum tsantsa yana inganta parkinsonism mai haifar da MPTP kuma yana kare dopaminergic neurons daga damuwa na oxidative ta hanyar daidaita aikin mitochondrial, autophagy, da apoptosis.Acta Pharmacol Sin.2019 Afrilu; 40 (4): 441-450.
KARSHE
Game da marubucin / Ms. Wu Tingyao
Wu Tingyao tana ba da rahoto game da bayanan Ganoderma na farko tun daga 1999. Ita ce marubucin Healing tare da Ganoderma (an buga shi a cikin Gidan Buga Likitan Jama'a a cikin Afrilu 2017).

★ An buga wannan labarin ne a ƙarƙashin izini na musamman na marubucin.★ Wadannan ayyukan da ke sama ba za a iya sake su ba, cire su ko amfani da su ta wasu hanyoyi ba tare da izinin marubuci ba.★ Don keta bayanin da ke sama, marubucin zai bi alhakin da ya dace na shari'a.★ Asalin rubutun wannan labarin Wu Tingyao ne ya rubuta shi da Sinanci kuma Alfred Liu ya fassara shi zuwa Turanci.Idan akwai wani sabani tsakanin fassarar (Turanci) da na asali (China), asalin Sinanci zai yi nasara.Idan masu karatu suna da wasu tambayoyi, tuntuɓi marubuciyar asali, Ms. Wu Tingyao.