Agasti 2017 / University of the Punjab / Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

Umbhalo/ Wu Tingyao

Ngaphambi kokwethula okutholakele okusha kososayensi kokuthi i-reishi iyivimbela kanjani i-amnesia, ake sibheke imiqondo embalwa namagama.

Isizathu esenza ubuchopho bukwazi ukubona futhi bukhumbule incazelo yomuntu, umcimbi, noma into ukuthi buthembele kumakhemikhali afana ne-acetylcholine ukudlulisa imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa alawula ukuqonda nenkumbulo.Lapho i-acetylcholine iqeda umsebenzi wayo, izokwenziwa i-hydrolyzed nge-“acetylcholinesterase (AChE)” bese igaywa kabusha ngamaseli ezinzwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-acetylcholinesterase kuvamile.Inganikeza indawo yokuphefumula kumangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuze amangqamuzana ezinzwa angahlali esesimweni esishubile sokwamukela nokuthumela imiyalezo.

Inkinga iwukuthi lapho i-acetylcholinesterase icushiwe ngokungavamile noma ukugxila kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzobangela ukwehla okubukhali kwe-acetylcholine, kuthinte ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi kubangele ukuwohloka komqondo kanye nenkumbulo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uma ingcindezi ye-oxidative ebuchosheni iphezulu kakhulu, ibangela inani elikhulu lokufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa aphethe ukuqonda nenkumbulo, isimo sizoba sibi nakakhulu.

I-acetylcholinesterase eningi noma esebenza ngokweqile kanye nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative kuye kwabhekwa njengezici ezibalulekile ezibangela i-Alzheimer's and amnesia.Imithi yokwelapha yokwelapha efana ne-donepezil (amaphilisi anefilimu ye-Aricept) ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukubambezela ukuwohloka kwe-amnesia ngokuvimbela i-acetylcholinesterase.

I-Ganoderma nayo inomphumela wokwelapha i-amnesia

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini wakamuva we "Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy" nguMnyango Wezesayensi Yezemithi Nocwaningo Lwezemithi, i-University of the Punjab, eNdiya, luveze ukuthi i-Ganoderma alcohol extract inganciphisa umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase, inciphise ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative. ubuchopho, futhi kuvimbele ukuwohloka kwamakhono okuqonda kanye nenkumbulo.

Umbhali wephepha uthe izifundo ezedlule ziqinisekisile ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zeGanoderma (ezifana neI-Ganoderma lucidumfuthiG. boninense) ingavikela isimiso sezinzwa ngokusebenzisa i-anti-oxidation kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-acetylcholinesterase.Ngakho-ke, bakhethaG. mediosinensefuthiG. ramosissimum, ezingazange zifundwe kulesi sici kodwa futhi zikhiqizwa eNdiya, ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo ngethemba lokwengeza umfutho omusha ekwelapheni kwangaphambili kwe-amnesia.

Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro cell kubonise ukuthi ekukhishweni okufanayo nge-methanol engu-70%,G. mediosinensei-extract (GME) ngokusobala yayingcono kunolunye uhlobo lwe-Ganoderma ku-antioxidation kanye ne-acetylcholinesterase inhibition, ngakho-ke basebenzisa i-GME ekuhloleni izilwane.

Amagundane adla i-Ganoderma awavamile ukuba ne-amnesia.

(1) Yazi indlela yokugwema ukushaqeka kukagesi

Abacwaningi baqale banikeza amagundane i-GME noma i-donepezil, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-amnesia, kanye ne-scopolamine ejovwe (umuthi ovimbela umphumela we-acetylcholine) imizuzu engu-30 kamuva ukuze ibangele i-anmesia.Imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngemva komjovo nangosuku olulandelayo, amagundane ahlolelwa amakhono awo okuqonda kanye nenkumbulo kusetshenziswa “Isivivinyo Sokugwema Ukushaqeka Kwe-Passive Shock” kanye “Ne-Novel Object Recognition Experiment”.

I-passive shock avoidance experiment (PSA) iwukubona ikakhulukazi ukuthi amagundane angakwazi yini ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho “ukuhlala endaweni ekhanyayo futhi angangeni egumbini elimnyama ukuze agweme ukushaqeka ngogesi.”Njengoba amagundane ngokwemvelo afana nokucasha ebumnyameni, kufanele athembele enkumbulweni ukuze “aziphoqe ukuba azibambe.”Ngakho-ke, ubude besikhathi abahlala ekamelweni elikhanyayo bungasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokuhlola yenkumbulo.

Imiphumela ikhonjiswe ku-[Umfanekiso 1].Amagundane ayedliwe nge-Donepezil ne-GME kusengaphambili akwazi ukugcina inkumbulo engcono lapho ebhekene nomonakalo we-scopolamine.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umphumela wemithamo ephansi nephakathi (200 kanye ne-400 mg/kg) ye-GME wawungabalulekile, kodwa umphumela wemithamo ephezulu (800 mg/kg) ye-GME wawubalulekile futhi uqhathaniswa nowe-Donepezil.

(2) Uyakwazi ukubona izinto ezinoveli

I-“novel object recognition experiment (NOR)” isebenzisa umuzwa wemvelo wegundane ukuze ube nelukuluku nokuthanda ukuzama okusha ukuhlola ukuthi lingakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwejwayelekile nentsha ezintweni ezimbili.

Isilinganiso esitholwe ngokuhlukanisa isikhathi igundane elisithathayo ukuhlola (ukuhogela noma ukuthinta ngomzimba) into entsha ngesikhathi esithathayo ukuhlola izinto ezimbili “inkomba yokuqaphela (RI)”.Lapho inani liphezulu, kuba ngcono amandla okuqonda nenkumbulo egundane.

Umphumela uboniswe ku-[Figure 2], owawufana ncamashi nalowo wamagundane okugwema ukushaqeka kwangaphambilini ayedle i-Donepezil ne-GME asebenze kangcono, kanye nomphumelaG. mediosinenselalilingana nomthamo.

I-anti-amnesic mechanism ye-Ganoderma

(1) I-Acetylcholinesterase inhibition + i-antioxidation

Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwezicubu zobuchopho zamagundane kubonise ukuthi i-scopolamine yandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase kanye nengcindezi ye-oxidative.Kodwa-ke, i-GME ephezulu ye-dose ayinciphisanga kuphela umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase kumagundane kuya kumazinga avamile (Umfanekiso 3) kodwa futhi yanciphisa kakhulu umonakalo we-oxidative ohlushwa amagundane (Umfanekiso 4).

(1) Vikela ubuqotho bamangqamuzana ezinzwa zobuchopho

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baphinde basebenzise izingxenye zokungcolisa izicubu ukuze babheke i-hippocampal gyrus kanye ne-cerebral cortex yamagundane.

Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zobuchopho ziyizindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziphethe ukuqonda nenkumbulo.Amangqamuzana ezinzwa kuwo ngokuvamile amafomu e-pyramidal, angadlulisela ngempumelelo futhi amukele ulwazi.Ukuba khona kwe-cytoplasmic vacuolation kumaseli kubonisa izici ze-pathologic ze-amnesia.

Kungabhekwa ngesigaba sokungcolisa izicubu ukuthi i-scopolamine izonciphisa amangqamuzana e-pyramidal futhi ikhulise amangqamuzana avaliwe kulezi zifunda ezimbili zobuchopho.Kodwa-ke, uma izindawo zivikelwe nge-GME kusenesikhathi, isimo singahlehliswa: amaseli e-pyramidal azokwanda kuyilapho amangqamuzana e-vacuolating azokwehla (bheka ikhasi lesi-6 lephepha lokuqala ukuze uthole imininingwane).

"I-Phenols" iwumthombo osebenzayo we-Ganoderma ngokumelene ne-amnesia.

Ekuphetheni, lapho kubhekene nezici eziyingozi ze-amnesia, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-GME kungagcina imisebenzi evamile yokuqonda kanye nenkumbulo ngokuvimbela i-acetylcholinesterase, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nokuvikela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ku-hippocampal gyrus kanye ne-cerebral cortex.

Njengoba i-1 gram ye-GME iqukethe cishe i-67.5 mg ye-phenols, okuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ivimbela i-acetylcholinesterase futhi ibe ne-antioxidative esikhathini esidlule, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lawa ma-phenols kufanele abe umthombo we-Ganoderma's anti-amnestic.

Njengoba izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-amnesia zingashukumisa i-gastric peristalsis futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ukungakuthandi ukudla, isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa, imithi yemvelo efana ne-Ganoderma extract engavimbela futhi yelaphe ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo ifaneleka kakhulu ukulindela kwethu.

Yidla i-Ganoderma kusenesikhathi ukuze ugwemeI-Alzheimer's Izifo

Ukuwohloka komqondo kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke.Futhi uma sibheka isimo samanje, kuzoba kubi kakhulu.

Nakuba abantu begubha ukwenyuka kwaminyaka yonke kwesilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila, ukuwohloka komqondo sekuwukukhathazeka okukhulu kwasebekhulile.Uma ukuguga kungachithwa kuphela ekuwohlokeni komqondo, ithini incazelo yokuphila isikhathi eside?

Ngakho yidla i-Ganoderma kusenesikhathi!Futhi kungcono ukudla i-Ganoderma equkethe "utshwala" obukhishwe emzimbeni wezithelo.Phela, ukuguga kuphela okungaletha injabulo kuye nasezinganeni.

[Umthombo] Kaur R, et al.Imiphumela ye-Anti-amnesic yezinhlobo ze-Ganoderma: Indlela engenzeka ye-cholinergic kanye ne-antioxidant.I-Biomed Pharmacother.2017 Aug;92: 1055-1061.

PHELA

Mayelana nombhali/ Nks. Wu Tingyao
UWu Tingyao ubelokhu ebika ngolwazi lwe-Ganoderma lokuqala kusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadiUkwelapha nge-Ganoderma(ishicilelwe ku-People's Medical Publishing House ngo-Ephreli 2017).
 
★ Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngaphansi kokugunyazwa okukhethekile kombhali.★ Le misebenzi engenhla ayinakuphinda ikhiqizwe, ikhishwe noma isetshenziswe ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali.★ Ngokuphulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, umbhali uzolandela izibopho ezingokomthetho ezifanele.★ Umbhalo wokuqala walesi sihloko ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.