August 2017 / University of the Punjab / Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

Zolemba / Wu Tingyao

Tisanafotokoze zomwe asayansi apeza za momwe reishi imalepheretsa amnesia, tiyeni tiwone malingaliro ndi mawu ochepa.

Chifukwa chomwe ubongo umatha kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira tanthauzo la munthu, chochitika, kapena chinthu ndikuti umadalira mankhwala monga acetylcholine kuti atumize mauthenga pakati pa maselo a mitsempha omwe amawongolera kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira.Acetylcholine ikamaliza ntchito yake, imapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed ndi "acetylcholinesterase (AChE)" ndikusinthidwanso ndi ma cell a mitsempha.

Chifukwa chake, kukhalapo kwa acetylcholinesterase ndikwachilendo.Ikhoza kupereka mpata wopuma ku maselo a mitsempha kotero kuti maselo a mitsempha asakhale mumkhalidwe wovuta wa kulandira ndi kutumiza mauthenga.

Vuto ndiloti pamene acetylcholinesterase imatsegulidwa mosadziwika bwino kapena ndende yake ndi yochuluka kwambiri, imayambitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa acetylcholine, zomwe zimakhudza kugwirizana pakati pa maselo a mitsempha ndikupangitsa kuti chidziwitso ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira.

Panthawiyi, ngati kupanikizika kwa okosijeni muubongo ndikwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa ma cell amitsempha omwe amayang'anira kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira, zinthu zikhala zoipitsitsa.

Acetylcholinesterase yochulukirapo kapena yochulukirapo komanso kupsinjika kwambiri kwa okosijeni kumawonedwa ngati zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa Alzheimer's ndi amnesia.Mankhwala achirengedwe achipatala monga donepezil (mapiritsi okhala ndi filimu ya Aricept) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa amnesia poletsa acetylcholinesterase.

Ganoderma imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zochizira amnesia

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'nkhani yaposachedwa ya "Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy" ndi dipatimenti ya Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmaceutical Research, University of the Punjab, India, adanena kuti kumwa mowa wa Ganoderma kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. ubongo, ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso ndi kukumbukira.

Wolemba pepalalo adanena kuti kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adatsimikizira kuti mitundu ina ya Ganoderma (mongaGanoderma lucidumndiG. boninense) amatha kuteteza dongosolo lamanjenje kudzera mu anti-oxidation ndi kuletsa kwa acetylcholinesterase.Choncho, iwo anasankhaG. mediosinensendiG. ramosissimum, zomwe sizinaphunziridwe m'mbali iyi koma zimapangidwira ku India, pofuna kufufuza ndi chiyembekezo chowonjezera mphamvu zatsopano pa chithandizo cha amnesia chisanachitike.

Popeza kuyesa kwa ma cell a vitro kunawonetsa kuti pakuchotsa komweko ndi 70% methanol,G. mediosinenseTingafinye (GME) mwachionekere anali bwino kuposa mtundu wina wa Ganoderma mu antioxidation ndi acetylcholinesterase chopinga, kotero iwo ntchito GME zoyesera nyama.

Makoswe omwe amadya Ganoderma samakonda amnesia.

(1) Dziwani mmene mungapewere kugunda kwa magetsi

Ofufuzawo anayamba kupereka mbewa za GME kapena donepezil, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza amnesia, ndi jekeseni ya scopolamine (mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa zotsatira za acetylcholine) mphindi 30 pambuyo pake kuti apangitse anmesia.Mphindi makumi atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni ndi tsiku lotsatira, mbewa zinawunikidwa chifukwa cha luso lawo la kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira kudzera mu "Passive Shock Avoidance Experiment" ndi "Novel Object Recognition Experiment".

The passive shock avoidance experiment (PSA) makamaka kuti awone ngati mbewa zingaphunzire kuchokera ku zomwe zawachitikira "kukhala pamalo owala ndikutuluka m'chipinda chamdima kuti asagwedezeke ndi magetsi."Popeza mbewa mwachibadwa zimakhala ngati kubisala mumdima, ayenera kudalira kukumbukira kuti "azikakamizika kudziletsa."Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe amakhala m'chipinda chowala kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chowunikira kukumbukira.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsedwa mu [Chithunzi 1].Makoswe omwe adadyetsedwa ndi Donepezil ndi GME pasadakhale adatha kukumbukira bwino akakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa scopolamine.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zotsatira za mlingo wochepa ndi wapakati (200 ndi 400 mg / kg) wa GME sizinali zazikulu, koma zotsatira za mlingo waukulu (800 mg / kg) wa GME zinali zofunikira komanso zofanana ndi za Donepezil.

(2) Amatha kuzindikira zinthu zakale

"Novel object recognition experiment (NOR)" imagwiritsa ntchito chibadwa cha mbewa kukhala ndi chidwi komanso kuyesa zatsopano kuyesa ngati imatha kusiyanitsa chodziwika bwino ndi chatsopanocho muzinthu ziwiri.

Chiŵerengero chopezedwa mwa kugawa nthawi yomwe mbewa imatenga kuti ifufuze (kununkhiza kapena kukhudza ndi thupi) chinthu chatsopano panthawi yomwe imafunika kufufuza zinthu ziwirizi ndi "recognition index (RI)".Kukwera kwamtengo, kumakulitsa luso la kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira kwa mbewa.

Zotsatira zake zidawonetsedwa mu [Chithunzi 2], zomwe zinali zofanana ndendende ndi mbewa zomwe zidadya kale Donepezil ndi GME zidachita bwino, komanso zotsatira zake.G. mediosinensezinali molingana ndi mlingo.

Njira ya anti-amnesic ya Ganoderma

(1) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition + antioxidation

Kusanthula kwina kwa minyewa yaubongo ya mbewa kunawonetsa kuti scopolamine idakulitsa kwambiri ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase ndi kuthamanga kwa okosijeni.Komabe, mlingo waukulu wa GME sunangochepetsa ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase mu mbewa kuti ikhale yokhazikika (Chithunzi 3) komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi mbewa (Chithunzi 4).

(1) Tetezani kukhulupirika kwa minyewa ya muubongo

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adagwiritsanso ntchito zigawo zodetsa minofu kuti aziwona hippocampal gyrus ndi cerebral cortex ya mbewa.

Magawo awiriwa a ubongo ndi madera ofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira komanso kukumbukira.Mitsempha yomwe ili mkati mwake imakhala mumitundu ya piramidi, yomwe imatha kutumiza ndikulandila chidziwitso.Kukhalapo kwa cytoplasmic vacuolation m'maselo kumawonetsa mawonekedwe a amnesia.

Zitha kuwonedwa kudzera mu gawo lodetsa la minofu kuti scopolamine idzachepetsa maselo a piramidi ndikuwonjezera ma cell a vacuolated mu zigawo ziwiri zaubongo.Komabe, ngati madera atetezedwa ndi GME pasadakhale, zinthu zitha kusinthidwa: ma cell a piramidi adzawonjezeka pomwe ma cell a vacuolating adzachepa (onani tsamba 6 la pepala loyambirira kuti mumve zambiri).

"Phenols" ndi gwero lamphamvu la Ganoderma motsutsana ndi amnesia.

Pomaliza, poyang'anizana ndi ziwopsezo za amnesia, kuchuluka kwa GME kumatha kukhalabe ndi chidziwitso komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira mwa kuletsa acetylcholinesterase, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, komanso kuteteza maselo a mitsempha mu hippocampal gyrus ndi cerebral cortex.

Popeza 1 gramu ya GME ili ndi pafupifupi 67.5 mg ya phenols, yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kuti imalepheretsa acetylcholinesterase komanso kukhala antioxidative m'mbuyomu, ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti phenols izi ziyenera kukhala gwero la ntchito ya Ganoderma yotsutsana ndi amnestic.

Popeza mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala pofuna kuchiza amnesia amatha kulimbikitsa m'mimba peristalsis ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa monga nseru, kusanza, kusafuna kudya, kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, mankhwala achilengedwe monga Ganoderma extract yomwe ingalepheretse ndi kuchiza kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi koyenera kwambiri kuyembekezera.

Idyani Ganoderma msanga kuti mupeweMatenda a Alzheimer's Matenda

Dementia ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi.Ndipo potengera momwe zinthu zilili panopa, zidzangoipiraipira.

Ngakhale kuti anthu akukondwerera chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha zaka zoyembekezeka za moyo, dementia yakhala nkhawa yaikulu kwa okalamba.Ngati ukalamba ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu dementia, tanthauzo la moyo wautali ndi chiyani?

Choncho idyani Ganoderma molawirira!Ndipo ndibwino kudya Ganoderma yomwe ili ndi "mowa" wamtundu wa fruiting.Ndi iko komwe, ukalamba wodziŵika bwino ndi umene ungapereke chimwemwe kwa ife eni ndi kwa ana.

[Source] Kaur R, et al.Zotsatira za Anti-amnesic za mitundu ya Ganoderma: Njira yotheka ya cholinergic ndi antioxidant.Biomed Pharmacother.2017 Aug;92: 1055-1061.

TSIRIZA

Za wolemba/ Mayi Wu Tingyao
Wu Tingyao wakhala akufotokoza zambiri za Ganoderma kuyambira 1999. Iye ndi mlembi wa bukuli.Kuchiza ndi Ganoderma(lofalitsidwa mu The People's Medical Publishing House mu April 2017).
 
★ Nkhaniyi yasindikizidwa pansi pa chilolezo cha wolemba.★ Ntchito zomwe zili pamwambazi sizingathe kupangidwanso, kuchotsedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ina popanda chilolezo cha wolemba.★ Pakuphwanya mawu omwe ali pamwambawa, wolemba adzatsata maudindo oyenera azamalamulo.★ Zolemba zoyambirira za nkhaniyi zidalembedwa m'Chitchaina ndi Wu Tingyao ndikumasulira m'Chingerezi ndi Alfred Liu.Ngati pali kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa kumasulira (Chingerezi) ndi choyambirira (Chitchaina), Chitchaina choyambirira chidzapambana.Ngati owerenga ali ndi mafunso, lemberani wolemba woyamba, Mayi Wu Tingyao.