Ngo-Agasti 2017 / IYunivesithi yasePunjab / Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

Umbhalo/ Wu Tingyao

Phambi kokwazisa izinto ezintsha ezifunyanisiweyo zenzululwazi malunga nendlela i-reishi ethintela ngayo i-amnesia, makhe sijonge iikhonsepthi ezimbalwa kunye namagama.

Isizathu sokuba ingqondo inokubona kwaye ikhumbule intsingiselo yomntu, isiganeko, okanye into kukuba ixhomekeke kwiikhemikhali ezifana ne-acetylcholine ukuhambisa imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli ze-nerve ezilawula ukuqonda kunye nememori.Xa i-acetylcholine igqiba umsebenzi wayo, iya kuhlanjululwa nge-hydrolyzed nge-"acetylcholinesterase (AChE)" kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe ngamaseli e-nerve.

Ngoko ke, ubukho be-acetylcholinesterase buqhelekileyo.Inokunika isithuba sokuphefumla kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuze iiseli zemithambo-luvo zingasoloko zikwimeko exineneyo yokwamkela nokuthumela imiyalezo.

Ingxaki kukuba xa i-acetylcholinesterase isebenze ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukugxininiswa kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubangela ukuhla okubukhali kwe-acetylcholine, echaphazela ukudibanisa phakathi kweeseli ze-nerve kunye nokubangela ukuchithwa kwengqondo kunye nememori.

Ngeli xesha, ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative engqondweni luphezulu kakhulu, lubangela inani elikhulu lokufa kweeseli ze-nerve eziphethe ukuqonda kunye nememori, imeko iya kuba mbi ngakumbi.

I-acetylcholinesterase eninzi kakhulu okanye i-overactive kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-oxidative ziye zathathwa njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangela i-Alzheimer's kunye ne-amnesia.Iziyobisi zonyango zonyango ezifana ne-donepezil (i-Aricept film-coated tablets) ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukulibazisa ukuwohloka kwe-amnesia ngokuthintela i-acetylcholinesterase.

I-Ganoderma nayo inefuthe lokunyanga i-amnesia

Uphononongo olupapashwe kwinqaku lamva nje elithi "i-Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy" liSebe leSayensi yezoPhando kunye noPhando lwezoPhando, iYunivesithi yasePunjab, eIndiya, ibonise ukuba i-Ganoderma alcohol extract inokunciphisa umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. ingqondo, kwaye ithintele ukuwohloka kwezakhono zokuqonda kunye nenkumbulo.

Umbhali wephepha wathi izifundo ezidlulileyo ziqinisekisile ukuba iintlobo ezithile zeGanoderma (ezifana neI-Ganoderma lucidumkwayeG. boninense) inokukhusela inkqubo ye-nervous ngokusebenzisa i-anti-oxidation kunye ne-inhibition ye-acetylcholinesterase.Ngoko ke, bakhethaG. mediosinensekwayeG. ramosissimum, ezingakhange zifundwe kulo mba kodwa ziveliswa eIndiya, uphando ngethemba lokongeza impembelelo entsha kunyango lwangaphambili lwe-amnesia.

Kuba iimvavanyo zeseli ze-in vitro zibonise ukuba ukutsalwa okufanayo kunye ne-70% ye-methanol,G. mediosinenseisicatshulwa (GME) ngokucacileyo yayingcono kunolunye uhlobo lweGanoderma kwi-antioxidation kunye ne-acetylcholinesterase inhibition, ngoko basebenzisa i-GME kwiimvavanyo zezilwanyana.

Iimpuku ezitya i-Ganoderma azikho lula kwi-amnesia.

(1) Yazi indlela yokuphepha ukothuka kombane

Abaphandi baqala banika iigundane ze-GME okanye i-donepezil, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukunyanga i-amnesia, kunye ne-injected scopolamine (iyeza elivimbela umphumo we-acetylcholine) imizuzu ye-30 kamva ukwenza i-anmesia.Imizuzu engamashumi amathathu emva kokutofwa nangosuku olulandelayo, iimpuku zavavanywa kubuchule bazo bokuqonda kunye nenkumbulo kusetyenziswa “uVavanyo lokuThintela ukuThwatywa kwePassive Shock” kunye ne “Novel Object Recognition Experiment”.

I-passive shock avoidance experiment (PSA) ikakhulu kukubona ukuba iimpuku zinokufunda kumava “ukuhlala kwindawo eqaqambileyo kwaye zingangeni kwigumbi elimnyama ukunqanda ukothuka ngumbane.”Kuba iimpuku ngokwemvelo zifana nokuzifihla ebumnyameni, kufuneka zithembele kwinkumbulo ukuze "zizinyanzele ukuba zizibambe."Ngoko ke, ubude bexesha abahlala kwigumbi eliqaqambileyo linokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi sokuvavanya imemori.

Iziphumo ziboniswe kwi- [Figure 1].Iigundane eziye zondliwa nge-Donepezil kunye ne-GME kwangaphambili zakwazi ukugcina imemori engcono xa zijongene nomonakalo we-scopolamine.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba isiphumo semilinganiselo ephantsi kunye nephakathi (200 kunye ne-400 mg / kg) ye-GME yayingabalulekanga, kodwa umphumo we-dose ephezulu (800 mg / kg) ye-GME yayibalulekile kwaye ifaniswa ne-Donepezil.

(2) Unokwazi ukubona izinto ezintsha

I-“novel object recognition experiment (NOR)” isebenzisa ithuku lempuku ukuba nomdla kwaye ithande ukuzama amatsha ukuvavanya ukuba iyakwazi na ukwahlula phakathi kweqhelekileyo kunye nentsha kwizinto ezimbini.

Umlinganiselo ofunyenwe ngokuhlula ixesha lemouse elithathayo ukuhlola (ukuphunga okanye ukudibanisa nomzimba) into entsha ngexesha elithathayo ukuhlola izinto ezimbini "isalathisi sokuqaphela (RI)".Xa liphezulu ixabiso, ngcono izakhono zengqondo kunye nenkumbulo yemouse.

Isiphumo sibonisiwe ku- [Umfanekiso 2], owawufana ncam naleyo yovavanyo lwangaphambili lokuphepha ukothuka-iimpuku ezazityile ngaphambili i-Donepezil kunye ne-GME zenze ngcono, kunye nesiphumoG. mediosinenseyayilingana nethamo.

I-anti-amnesic mechanism yeGanoderma

(1) I-acetylcholinesterase inhibition + i-antioxidation

Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwezicubu zengqondo zeempuku lubonise ukuba i-scopolamine yandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.Nangona kunjalo, idosi ephezulu ye-GME ayinciphisanga kuphela umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase kwiigundane ukuya kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo (Umfanekiso 3) kodwa yanciphisa kakhulu umonakalo owenziwe yi-oxidative owenziwe ngamagundane (Umfanekiso 4).

(1) Khusela ingqibelelo yeeseli zemithambo-luvo

Ukongeza, abaphandi baphinde basebenzise amacandelo okungcolisa izicubu ukujonga i-hippocampal gyrus kunye ne-cerebral cortex yeempuku.

Ezi ndawo zimbini zobuchopho zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ezijongene nokuqonda kunye nenkumbulo.Iiseli ze-nerve kuzo zininzi kwiifom zepyramidal, ezinokuthi zigqithise ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zifumane ulwazi.Ubukho be-cytoplasmic vacuolation kwiiseli bubonisa iimpawu ze-pathologic ze-amnesia.

Inokujongwa ngecandelo lokungcolisa izicubu ukuba i-scopolamine iya kunciphisa iiseli zepyramidal kwaye inyuse iiseli ezivaliweyo kule mimandla mibini yobuchopho.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iindawo zikhuselwe nge-GME kwangaphambili, imeko ingatshintshwa: iiseli zepyramidal ziya kwanda ngelixa iiseli ezikhuphayo ziya kuncipha (jonga iphepha le-6 kwiphepha lokuqala ngeenkcukacha).

"I-Phenols" ngumthombo osebenzayo weGanoderma ngokuchasene ne-amnesia.

Ukuqukumbela, ebusweni bemingcipheko ye-amnesia, i-concentration ephezulu ye-GME inokugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuqonda kunye nememori ngokuvimbela i-acetylcholinesterase, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kunye nokukhusela iiseli ze-nerve kwi-hippocampal gyrus kunye ne-cortex ye-cerebral.

Ekubeni yonke i-1 gram ye-GME iqulethe malunga ne-67.5 mg ye-phenols, ebonakaliswe ukuba inqanda i-acetylcholinesterase kwaye ibe ne-antioxidative kwixesha elidlulileyo, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ezi phenols kufuneka zibe ngumthombo we-Ganoderma's anti-amnestic activity.

Ekubeni iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-amnesia zinokuvuselela i-gastric peristalsis kwaye zibe nemiphumo emibi efana ne-nausea, ukuhlanza, ukutya okungenamdla, isifo sohudo okanye ukuqunjelwa, amayeza endalo afana ne-Ganoderma extract enokuthintela kunye nokunyanga ukulahleka kwememori kuyafaneleka ngakumbi ukulindela kwethu.

Yidla i-Ganoderma kwangoko ukuze ugwemeIsifo sika-Alzheimer Izifo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo yingxaki yehlabathi.Kwaye ngokujonga imeko yangoku, iya kuba mbi ngakumbi.

Ngelixa abantu bebhiyozela ukonyuka kwaminyaka le kumndilili wobomi obuphilwayo, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sibe yeyona nto ixhalabisa abantu abadala.Ukuba ukuguga kunokuchithwa kuphela kwi-dementia, yintoni intsingiselo yokuphila ixesha elide?

Ngoko yidla iGanoderma kwangoko!Kwaye kungcono ukutya i-Ganoderma equlethe isicatshulwa "sotywala" somzimba weziqhamo.Ngapha koko, kukwaluphala kuphela okunokuzisa ulonwabo kuye nasebantwaneni.

[Umthombo] Kaur R, et al.Imiphumo ye-Anti-amnesic yeentlobo ze-Ganoderma: Indlela enokwenzeka ye-cholinergic kunye ne-antioxidant.I-Biomed Pharmacother.2017 Aug;92: 1055-1061.

ISIPHELO

Malunga nombhali/ Nksz. Wu Tingyao
UWu Tingyao unike ingxelo ngolwazi lweGanoderma lokuqala ukusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali wencwadiUkunyanga ngeGanoderma(ipapashwe kwiNdlu yePeople's Medical Publishing House ngo-Epreli 2017).
 
★ Eli nqaku lipapashwe phantsi kogunyaziso olulodwa lombhali.★ Le misebenzi ingasentla ayinakuphinda iveliswe, icatshulwe okanye isetyenziswe ngezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa ngumbhali.★ Ukwaphulwa kwengxelo engentla, umbhali uya kulandela uxanduva olusemthethweni olufanelekileyo.★ Umbhalo wokuqala weli nqaku ubhalwe ngesiTshayina nguWu Tingyao waza waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi nguAlfred Liu.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwenguqulelo (isiNgesi) kunye neyoqobo (isiTshayina), isiTshayina sokuqala siya koyisa.Ukuba abafundi banayo nayiphi na imibuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane nombhali wokuqala, uNks. Wu Tingyao.