(Ikhredithi yesithombe: USolwazi John Nicholls, Uprofesa Wezempilo Womnyango Wezifo, i-HKUMed; kanye noSolwazi Malik Peiris, u-Tam Wah-Ching USolwazi Wesayensi Yezokwelapha kanye noSihlalo onguSolwazi we-Virology, Isikole Sezempilo Yomphakathi, i-HKUMed; kanye ne-Electron Microscope Unit, HKU. )

Ngaphambi kokuhlaziya “ukuthi kufanele sikhathazeke ngokuhluka kwe-Omicron noma cha”, ake siqale sijwayelane nokwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, okuvele eNingizimu Afrika kuphela ngomhla ka-9 Novemba 2021, kwashanela umhlaba ekupheleni konyaka olandelayo. ngenyanga futhi wenza amagama afana nokutheleleka okuphumelelayo, imithamo yesithathu kanye nama-booster ekusesheni okushisayo.

Iphrotheni ye-spike eguquguquke kakhulu yenza kube nzima kakhulu ngathi ukuvikela kumagciwane.

Isithombe se-electron microscopic esisekuqaleni kwesihloko isithombe sokuqala emhlabeni esithi “Omicron” esikhishwe yi-Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) ngoDisemba 8, 2021:

Ingaphezulu lezinhlayiyana zegciwane linomumo ofana nomqhele, okuyiprotein ye-spike (S protein) esetshenziswa igciwane ukuhlasela ingqamuzana.

Leli gciwane lincike kulawa maprotheni e-spike ukuthi abophe ama-receptors endaweni yeseli, okubangela indlela ye-endocytosis yeseli yokuvula umnyango wesitha esiyingozi bese ibamba amaseli ukuze awasize aphindaphinde izinhlayiya zegciwane elisha ukuze athelele amaseli amaningi.

Ngakho-ke, amaprotheni e-spike akuwona kuphela ukhiye wegciwane ukuthi ahlasele amaseli kodwa futhi okuhloswe ngawo umgomo wokuqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuze "abone kahle" futhi abambe igciwane.Uma izinga lokuguquguquka kwawo likhulu, kuba lula ukuthi amasosha omzimba abangelwa umgomo awaphuthelwe.

Kusukela esithombeni esilandelayo esiqhathanisa amamodeli anezinhlangothi ezintathu ze-"Delta" kanye ne-"Omicron" spike proteins eshicilelwe yisibhedlela esidumile i-Bambino Gesu e-Rome ngoNovemba 27, 2021, ungaqonda ukuthi kungani i-Omicron ithathelwana kakhulu kuneDelta.

(Umthombo/iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-WHO)

Izindawo ezimakwe ngombala yizifunda eziguquliwe ezihlukile kuhlobo lwegciwane lokuqala.Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, kukhona okungenani ukuguqulwa okubalulekile okungu-32 kuphrotheni ye-spike ye-"Omicron", eyedlula kude "i-Delta", futhi izifunda eziguquliwe kakhulu (ezibomvu) nazo zigxile ezikhundleni ezisebenzisana namaseli omuntu.

Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwenza kube lula nge-“Omicron” ukuthi ihlasele amangqamuzana omuntu ukuze aphinde azalane, asakazeke phakathi kwabantu futhi agweme ukugonywa okukhona okubangelwa umgomo, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okuphumelelayo noma ukuphinda kutheleleke.

I-“Omicron” ingena kalula ku-bronchus kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi ingene emaphashini.

Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo eshicilelwe yi-HKUMed kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni ngoDisemba 15, okuhlukile kwe-Omicron kuphindaphindeka ngokushesha izikhathi ezingama-70 kuneDelta kanye nohlobo lokuqala lwe-Covid-19 ku-bronchus yomuntu kodwa lungaphansi kahle ezicutshini zamaphaphu omuntu.

(Umthombo Wesithombe/iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-HKUMed)

Lokhu kungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani i-“Omicron” isakazeka ngokushesha kuyilapho izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka (umphimbo oshisayo, ikhala eliminyene) zingathathwa kalula njengomkhuhlane ovamile kodwa ubukhali besifo buphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.

Kodwa ungayithathi kalula ngoba i-“Omicron” mancane amathuba okuthi ibangele ukugula okunzima.Ubani owaziyo ukuthi umphumela wokugcina usilindeleni?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona “iDelta” kanye “noMkhuhlane” abasasigqolozele ngesikhathi esisodwa!Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzigwema ukuzama ukugcina ukungatheleleki kwethu ezingeni eliphezulu nsuku zonke.

Ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuba sikhathazeke kakhulu nge-“Omicron” kodwa kufanele siqaphele ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Bekungabukeka kanjani uma iseli lingenwe okuhlukile kwe-Omicron?

Bheka isithombe esilandelayo se-electron microscopic esinikezwe i-HKUMed.

(Ikhredithi Yesithombe/HKUMed & Electron Microscope Unit, HKU)

Lena i-electron micrograph yeseli ye-Vero (monkey kidney) emahoreni angama-24 ngemva kokutheleleka okuhlukile kwe-Omicron ye-SARS-CoV-2.Uyabona ukuthi amagciwane amaningi aziphindaphinda kuma-cell vesicles, futhi izinhlayiya zegciwane ebeziphindaphindeka zikhishwa endaweni yeseli zilungele ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.

Leli igciwane elisha nje elikhiqizwe igciwane lisebenzisa “iseli elilodwa”.Kuyashesha ngempela!Ngenhlanhla, kumane kuwukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro cell.Uma kwenzeka ku-vivo, asazi ukuthi mangaki amaseli azohlupheka, futhi umuntu onegciwane ngalesi sikhathi uvame ukungabi nezimpawu;lapho othile ezizwa engalungile futhi efuna ukukuvimbela, kuphuze kakhulu!

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, amanye amagciwane azoba ngaphakathi kweseli kuyilapho amanye engaphandle kweseli.Amasosha omzimba azobhekana namagciwane ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ama-antibody adangwe ukugoma angabamba kuphela (ukunciphisa) igciwane ngaphandle kweseli.Uma igciwane lingabanjwa ngokushesha nje lapho lingena esitokisini, izinto zilula;uma igciwane lithelela ingqamuzana, amangqamuzana omzimba adinga ukukhipha i-interferon ukuze avimbele ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane emangqamuzaneni futhi anciphise inani kanye nesivinini sokusabalala kwegciwane futhi adinga "amangqamuzana abulalayo T" noma "amangqamuzana abulalayo emvelo" ukuze abulale amangqamuzana anegciwane.

Womabili amagciwane abanjwe amasosha omzimba kanye namaseli anegciwane abulawa adinga ama-macrophage ukuze athathe izingcezu.Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ama-macrophage namaseli e-dendritic kufanele futhi asize ekuthumeleni amasignali “kuma-T cell asizayo”, abaphathi abakhulu bamasosha omzimba, abe esenikeza imiyalo elungile yokukhiqiza amaseli e-cytotoxic T kanye namasosha omzimba anciphisa amandla.

Ukugoma kungabangela amasosha omzimba, futhi imishanguzo elwa namagciwane ingavimbela ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane kumaseli futhi ibambezele ukusakazeka kwegciwane.Kodwa-ke, ukuliqeda ngempela leli gciwane, kudinga zonke izingxenye zamasosha omzimba ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngokugcwele futhi ziqiniswe.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokugonywa, indlela yokwandisa ngokugcwele amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, ukuqinisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba, ukukhuthaza ukulinganisela komzimba, nokugwema ukuvuvukala ngokweqile?

Kusukela ucwaningo ngeminyaka yawo-1990,I-Ganoderma lucidumKuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana e-dendritic, ukulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli T, ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ngamaseli B, kukhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa kwama-monocytes-macrophages, futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi wamangqamuzana abulalayo emvelo, ukusiza ekwandeni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines ahlukahlukene, futhi abe nomthelela ophelele wokulawula amasosha omzimba.Le miphumela yonke ifinyezwe kumdwebo ongezansi.

Ekulandeleni, sizokuchazela kabanzi ngokujulile "kunganiI-Ganoderma lucidumingasisiza ukuthi siqinise ukuzivikela esikudingayo ukuze silwe namagciwane” ngamaphepha amaningana ashicilelwe kumajenali omhlaba.Ngaphambi kwalokho, sithemba ukuthi usuqalile ukudlaI-Ganoderma lucidumngoba ukuzivikela kwansuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu.Kuphela ngokugcina isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esiqinile nsuku zonke singaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwethu nsuku zonke.

PHELA

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★ Kunoma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, i-GanoHerb izolandela izibopho ezingokomthetho ezihlobene.

★ Umbhalo wokuqala walesi sihloko ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.

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