(Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Purofesa John Nicholls, Clinical Purofesa weDhipatimendi rePathology, HKUMed; uye Purofesa Malik Peiris, Tam Wah-Ching Purofesa muSainzi yekurapa uye Sachigaro Purofesa weVirology, Chikoro cheHutano Hwevanhu, HKUMed; uye Electron Microscope Unit, HKU. )

Tisati taongorora "kuti tinofanira kunetseka nezve Omicron mutsauko here kana kuti kwete", ngatitangei kujairana neSARS-CoV-2 Omicron musiyano, wakangobuda muSouth Africa musi wa9 Mbudzi 2021, wakatsvaira nyika pakupera kweinotevera. mwedzi uye akaita mazwi senge hutachiona hwehutachiona, yechitatu madosi uye boosters mukutsvaga kunopisa.

Iyo yakanyanya kushandurwa spike protein inoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kwatiri kudzivirira kubva kuhutachiona.

Mufananidzo we electron microscopic pakutanga kwechinyorwa ndiyo yekutanga "Omicron" foto pasi rose yakaburitswa naLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) musi waZvita 8, 2021:

Pamusoro pehutachiona hwehutachiona hune chimiro chakaita sekorona, inova spike protein (S protein) inoshandiswa nehutachiona kupinda musero.

Hutachiona hunovimba neaya mapuroteni e spike kuti asungirire kune mareceptor ari pamusoro pesero, zvichikonzeresa sero endocytosis nzira yekuvhura gonhi kumuvengi ane njodzi uye vobva vateya maseru kuti avabatsire kudzokorora hutachiona hutsva kuitira kuti vatapure mamwe maseru.

Naizvozvo, iyo spike protein haingori kiyi yekuti hutachiona hupinde mumasero asiwo chinangwa chekudzivirira kudzidzisa immune system "chaizvo" kuona uye kubata hutachiona.Iyo yakakura dhigirii yekuchinja kwavo, zviri nyore kuti masoja ekudzivirira ekudzivirira arasikirwe.

Kubva pamufananidzo unotevera uchienzanisa matatu-dimensional modhi e "Delta" uye "Omicron" spike mapuroteni akaburitswa neane mukurumbira Bambino Gesu chipatara muRome munaNovember 27, 2021, unogona kunzwisisa kuti nei Omicron ichinyanya kutapurirana kupfuura Delta.

(Kwakabva/WHO webhusaiti yepamutemo)

Nzvimbo dzakatarwa neruvara ndiwo matunhu akachinja akasiyana kubva kuhutachiwana hwepakutanga.Zvinoenderana nekuongorora, kune angangoita makumi matatu nemaviri ekuchinja kweiyo spike protein ye "Omicron", inopfuura kure "Delta", uye iyo yakanyanya kuchinjika (tsvuku) matunhu akaiswawo munzvimbo dzinodyidzana nemasero emunhu.

Shanduko dzakadaro dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti "Omicron" ipinde mumasero emunhu kuberekana, kupararira pakati pevanhu uye kunzvenga hutachiona hunokonzerwa nejekiseni, zvichitungamira mukutapukira kana kutapukira.

"Omicron" inobata zviri nyore mubronchus asi kashoma kuti ipinde mumapapu.

Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakaburitswa neHKUMed pawebhusaiti yayo yepamutemo muna Zvita 15, iyo Omicron mutsauko inodzokorora kanosvika makumi manomwe nekukurumidza kupfuura Delta uye yekutanga Covid-19 dhiri mubronchus yemunhu asi zvishoma mumapapu emunhu.

(Figure Source/HKUMed yepamutemo webhusaiti)

Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kuti sei "Omicron" ichipararira nekukurumidza nepo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona (huro yakashoshoma, mhino yakapfava) zvichigona kutorwa sechikosoro asi kuoma kwechirwere kudiki.

Asi usazvitore sezvinei nekuti “Omicron” kashoma kukonzera hurwere hwakanyanya.Ndiani anoziva zvichazoitika kwatiri?

Uyezve, kune "Delta" uye "Furuwenza" vachiri kutitarisa panguva imwe chete!Nzira yakanakisa yekuvadzivirira ndeyekuyedza kuchengetedza kusadzivirirwa kwedu padanho repamusoro mazuva ese.

Saka hatifanire kunetseka zvakanyanya nezve "Omicron" asi tinofanira kungwarira kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira.

Zvaizotaridzika sei kana sero rakatapukirwa neOmicron musiyano?

Tarisa uone unotevera electron microscopic mufananidzo wakapihwa neHKUMed.

(Chikwereti chemufananidzo/HKUMed & Electron Microscope Unit, HKU)

Iyi ndiyo electron micrograph yeVero (tsoko itsvo) sero maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekutapukirwa neOmicron musiyano weSARS-CoV-2.Iwe unogona kuona kuti mavhairasi mazhinji ari kudzokorora mumasero vesicles, uye zvimedu zvehutachiona zvanga zvichidzokorora zviri kuburitswa pachitokisi zvakagadzirira kuita basa ravo.

Uhwu hungori hutachiona hutsva hwakaburitswa nehutachiona huchishandisa "sero rimwe".Inokurumidza chaizvo!Neraki, ingori in vitro cell kuyedza.Kana zvikaitika mu vivo, hatizivi kuti mangani masero achatambura, uye munhu ane utachiona panguva ino kazhinji asymptomatic;kana mumwe munhu achinzwa zvakaipa uye achida kuzvidzivirira, kunonoka!

Mushure mekutapukirwa, mamwe mavhairasi anenge ari mukati mesero asi mamwe anenge ari kunze kwesero.Iyo immune system ichabata nemavhairasi nenzira dzakasiyana.

Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anokonzereswa nejekiseni anogona chete kubata (kuregedzesa) hutachiona kunze kwesero.Kana utachiona huchigona kubatwa pahunongopinda muchitokisi, zvinhu zvinenge zviri nyore;kana hutachiona huchibata musero, masero ekudzivirira anofanirwa kuburitsa interferon kuti avhare kudzokororwa kwehutachiona mumasero uye kuderedza huwandu uye kukurumidza kwehutachiwana hwekuwedzera uye inodawo "masero emuurayi T" kana "masero anouraya echisikigo" kuuraya masero ane utachiona.

Mavhairasi ese ari maviri akabatwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere uye akaurayiwa maseru ane hutachiona anoda macrophages kuti atore mabits.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, macrophages uye dendritic masero anofanirwawo kubatsira kutumira masaini ku "mubatsiri T masero", iwo vatungamiriri vepamusoro immune system, iyo inobva yapa mirairo chaiyo yekugadzira cytotoxic T masero uye neutralizing antibodies.

Kubaya nhomba kunogona kukonzera masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, uye mishonga inorwisa utachiona inogona kutadzisa kudzokorora utachiona mumaseru uye kunonotsa kupararira kweutachiona.Nekudaro, kunyatso bvisa hutachiona, inoda chese chinhu che immune system kuti iunganidzwe zvizere uye kusimbiswa.

Saka, mushure mekubaiwa, nzira yekuwedzera sei masero edziviriro, kusimbisa mhinduro yekudzivirira, kuvandudza immune system, kukurudzira immune chiyero, uye kudzivirira kuzvimba zvakanyanya?

Kubva patsvakiridzo muma1990s,Ganoderma lucidumyakaratidza kukurumidza kukura kwemasero edendritic, kugadzirisa kusiyanisa kweT masero, kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere neB masero, kukurudzira kusiyanisa kwe monocytes-macrophages, uye kuwedzera basa remasero anouraya echisikigo, kubatsira nekuwanda kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. masero ekudzivirira muviri uye kuvharirwa kwema cytokines akasiyana-siyana, uye ane ruzivo rwakakwana rwekugadzirisa maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere.Izvi mhedzisiro zvese zvakapfupikiswa mudhayagiramu pazasi.

Mukutevera, tichakutsanangurira zvakadzama "seiGanoderma luciduminogona kutibatsira kusimbisa kusadzivirirwa kwatinoda kurwisa utachiona” kuburikidza nemapepa akati wandei akadhindwa mumagazini epasi rese.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, tinovimba kuti watanga kudyaGanoderma lucidumnokuti kudzivirirwa kwezuva nezuva kwakakosha zvikuru.Chete nekuchengetedza immune system yakanaka zuva rega rega tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwedu mazuva ese.

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