(Ikhredithi yesithombe: uNjingalwazi John Nicholls, uNjingalwazi weKlinikhi weSebe lePathology, i-HKUMed; kunye noNjingalwazi Malik Peiris, uTam Wah-Ching uNjingalwazi kwiNzululwazi yezoNyango kunye noSihlalo weNjingalwazi yeVirology, iSikolo seMpilo yoLuntu, i-HKUMed; kunye neYunithi yeMicroscope ye-Electron, i-HKU. )

Phambi kokuba sihlalutye “ukuba kufuneka sizikhathaze kusini na malunga nokwahluka kwe-Omicron okanye hayi”, masiqale siqhelane nokwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, evele eMzantsi Afrika nge-9 kaNovemba ka-2021, yatshayela ihlabathi ekupheleni kwelandelayo. ngenyanga kwaye wenza amagama afana nosulelo lwempumelelo, idosi yesithathu kunye ne-boosters kukhangelo olushushu.

Iprotein ye-spike eguqulwe kakhulu yenza kube nzima kuthi ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane.

Umfanekiso we-electron microscopic ekuqaleni kwenqaku yifoto yokuqala "ye-Omicron" yehlabathi ekhutshwe nguLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong (HKUMed) nge-8 kaDisemba, 2021:

Umphezulu wesuntswana lentsholongwane unemilo efana nesithsaba, eyiprotein ye-spike (S protein) esetyenziswa yintsholongwane ukuhlasela iseli.

Intsholongwane ixhomekeke kwezi proteni ze-spike ukubophelela kwi-receptors kumphezulu weseli, ibangela indlela ye-endocytosis yeseli yokuvula umnyango kutshaba oluyingozi kwaye emva koko ibambe iiseli ukubanceda baphindaphinde amasuntswana entsholongwane amatsha ukuze bosulele iiseli ezininzi.

Ke ngoko, iprotein ye-spike ayisositshixo sentsholongwane kuphela ukuba ihlasele iiseli kodwa ikwajolise kwisitofu sokugonya ukuqeqesha amajoni omzimba ukuba "ngokuchanekileyo" achonge kwaye abambe intsholongwane.Okukhona iqondo lokuguquguquka okukhulu, kokukhona kulula ukuba izilwa-buhlungu ezibangelwa sisitofu sokugonya zibaphose.

Ukusuka kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo uthelekisa imodeli enemigangatho emithathu ye "Delta" kunye ne "Omicron" spike proteins epapashwe sisibhedlele esidumileyo saseBambino Gesu eRome nge-27 kaNovemba 2021, uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba i-Omicron isosuleleke ngakumbi kuneDelta.

(Umthombo/WHO iwebhusayithi esemthethweni)

Izikhundla eziphawulwe ngombala yimimandla eguqulweyo eyahlukileyo kuhlobo lokuqala lwentsholongwane.Ngokohlalutyo, kukho ubuncinci be-32 yeenguqu eziphambili kwi-protein ye-spike ye-"Omicron", edlula kakhulu "i-Delta", kunye nemimandla eguqulwe kakhulu (ebomvu) iphinde igxininiswe kwiindawo ezisebenzisana neeseli zomntu.

Utshintsho olunjalo lwenza kube lula ukuba "i-Omicron" ihlasele iiseli zomntu ukuba ziphinde zivelise, zisasazeke phakathi kwabantu kunye nokuphepha ukugonya okukhoyo okubangelwa kukugonywa, okukhokelela ekuphumeleleni usulelo okanye ukuphinda kuphinde kuvele usulelo.

I-“Omicron” yosulela lula kwi-bronchus kodwa ayifane ingene emiphungeni.

Ngokweziphumo zophando ezipapashwe yi-HKUMed kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni nge-15 kaDisemba, ukwahluka kwe-Omicron kuphindaphinda amaxesha angama-70 ngokukhawuleza kuneDelta kunye noxinzelelo lwe-Covid-19 lwantlandlolo kwi-bronchus yomntu kodwa ngaphantsi kakuhle kwizicubu zemiphunga yomntu.

(Umthombo womzobo/iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-HKUMed)

Oku kunokucacisa ukuba kutheni i-“Omicron” isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngelixa iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo (umqala orhabaxa, impumlo exineneyo) ngokulula zinokuthi ziphazameke njengengqele eqhelekileyo kodwa ubuzaza besi sifo busezantsi noko.

Kodwa ungayithathi lula kuba “i-Omicron” ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibangele isigulo esiqatha.Ngubani owaziyo ukuba silindelwe yintoni umphumo wokugqibela?

Ngaphezu koko, kukho “iDelta” kunye “noMkhuhlane” ezisasijongile ngaxeshanye!Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuziphepha kukuzama ukugcina ukungakhuseleki kwethu kwinqanaba eliphezulu yonke imihla.

Ke akukho mfuneko yokuba sizikhathaze kakhulu nge-“Omicron” kodwa kufuneka silumke sithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko.

Inokujongeka njani ukuba iseli yosulelwe kukwahluka kwe-Omicron?

Jonga kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo we-electron microscopic obonelelwe nguHKUMed.

(Ityala leFoto/HKUMed & Electron Microscope Unit, HKU)

Le yi-electron micrograph yeVero (inkawu yezintso) iseli kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kosulelo nge-Omicron eyahlukileyo ye-SARS-CoV-2.Uyabona ukuba iintsholongwane ezininzi ziphindaphinda kwiiseli zeseli, kwaye amasuntswana entsholongwane ebephindaphindana akhutshelwa kumphezulu weseli elungele ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Le yintsholongwane nje entsha eveliswe yintsholongwane isebenzisa “iseli enye”.Ikhawuleza ngokwenene!Ngethamsanqa, luvavanyo nje lweeseli ze-vitro.Ukuba kwenzeka kwi-vivo, asazi ukuba zingaphi iiseli eziya kubandezeleka, kwaye umntu osulelekileyo ngeli xesha uhlala engabonakali;xa umntu eziva engalunganga kwaye efuna ukuyinqanda, kusemva kwexesha!

Emva kosulelo, ezinye iintsholongwane ziya kuba ngaphakathi kwiseli ngelixa ezinye ziya kuba ngaphandle kweseli.Amajoni omzimba aya kujongana neentsholongwane ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ii-antibody ezenziwe ngogonyo zinokubamba kuphela (i-neutralize) intsholongwane ngaphandle kweseli.Ukuba intsholongwane inokosuleleka kamsinya nje yakuba ichwechwela kwiseli, izinto zilula;ukuba intsholongwane yosulela iseli, iiseli zomzimba kufuneka zikhuphe i-interferon ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane kwiiseli kunye nokunciphisa inani kunye nesantya sokwanda kwentsholongwane kwaye kufuneka kwakhona "iiseli ezibulalayo ze-T" okanye "iiseli ezibulalayo zendalo" zokubulala iiseli ezosulelekileyo.

Zombini iintsholongwane ezibanjiswe zizilwa-buhlungu kunye neeseli ezibuleweyo ezosulelekileyo zifuna i-macrophages ukuze zichole amasuntswana.Ngaphambi koku, iiseli ze-macrophages kunye ne-dendritic kufuneka zincede ukuthumela imiqondiso "kwiiseli ze-T zomncedi", abalawuli abaphezulu be-immune system, ezithi ke zinike imiyalelo echanekileyo yokuvelisa iiseli ze-cytotoxic T kunye ne-antibodies engathathi hlangothi.

Ugonyo lunokubangela izilwa-buhlungu, kwaye amachiza athomalalisa iintsholongwane anokuthintela ukuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane kwiiseli kwaye athobe ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.Nangona kunjalo, ukuyicima ngenene intsholongwane, ifuna yonke into yokhuselo lomzimba ukuba ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yomelezwa.

Ngoko ke, emva kokugonywa, indlela yokwandisa ngokubanzi iiseli zokuzivikela, ukuqinisa ukuphendula komzimba, ukuphucula ukusebenza komzimba, ukukhuthaza ukulingana komzimba, kunye nokuphepha ukuvuvukala okugqithisileyo?

Ukususela kuphando ngo-1990,I-Ganoderma lucidumibonakaliswe ukukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweeseli ze-dendritic, ukulawula ukwahlula kweeseli ze-T, ukuvuselela ukuveliswa kwamajoni omzimba ngeeseli ze-B, ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kwe-monocytes-macrophages, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi weeseli ezibulalayo zendalo, ukunceda ekwandeni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. iiseli zomzimba kunye nokukhuselwa kwee-cytokines ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zibe nefuthe elibanzi lokulawula kwi-immune system.Zonke ezi ziphumo zishwankathelwa kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

Ekulandeleni, siya kukucacisela nzulu ngakumbi “kutheniI-Ganoderma luciduminokusinceda someleze ukhuseleko esiludingayo ukuze silwe neentsholongwane” ngamaphepha aliqela apapashiweyo kwiijenali zamazwe ngamazwe.Ngaphambi koko, siyathemba ukuba uqalile ukutyaI-Ganoderma lucidumkuba ukhuseleko lwemihla ngemihla lubaluleke kakhulu.Kuphela ngokugcina amajoni omzimba alungileyo yonke imihla sinokuthi siqinisekise ukhuseleko lwethu yonke imihla.

ISIPHELO

★ Eli nqaku lipapashwe phantsi kogunyaziso olulodwa lombhali, kwaye ubunini bobuka-GANOHERB.

★ Le misebenzi ingentla ayinakuphinda iveliswe, ikhutshwe okanye isetyenziswe ngezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa kweGanoHerb.

★ Ukuba imisebenzi igunyazisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwendawo yogunyaziso kwaye ibonise umthombo: GanoHerb.

★ Nakuphi na ukuphulwa kwengxelo engentla, i-GanoHerb iya kulandela uxanduva olusemthethweni olunxulumeneyo.

★ Umbhalo wokuqala weli nqaku ubhalwe ngesiTshayina nguWu Tingyao waza waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi nguAlfred Liu.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwenguqulelo (isiNgesi) kunye neyoqobo (isiTshayina), isiTshayina sokuqala siya koyisa.Ukuba abafundi banayo nayiphi na imibuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane nombhali wokuqala, uNks. Wu Tingyao.

Dlulisa iMillennia Health Culture
Yiba negalelo kwiMpilo-ntle yabantu bonke