Wu Tingyao

Njengoba isimo sengqondo saso sonke isintu sishintshashintsha ngokuthi “I-COVID 19 umgomo” kanye “I-COVID 19ubhubhane”, isifo sesandla sonyawo-nomlomo, esivame ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5 ubudala, singene enkathini ephezulu yobhadane.Izimpawu zayo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa imfiva, izilonda emlonyeni, nokuqubuka kwesikhumba okuvame ukutholakala ezandleni, emlonyeni, kanye/noma ezinyaweni.Lesi sifo empeleni sibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-enteroviruses, amaningi awo athambile futhi angasuswa amasosha omzimba phakathi nesonto.Amanye ama-enteroviruses angaba nzima kakhulu, abangele izinkinga ezinkulu zemizwa ezifana ne-meningitis, i-myelitis, ukukhubazeka okunamandla kwe-flaccid, ngisho nokufa.

I-Enterovirus A71, ebizwa ngokuthi i-EV-A71, yilolu hlobo lobubi obudinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela.Njengoba nje umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 udingeka ukuvimbela i-coronavirus yenoveli, ukugoma ngokungangabazeki kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-EV-A71.

Nokho, njengoba wonke umuntu azi, awukho umuthi wokugoma osebenza ngo-100%.Ungathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza komgomo?

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuFrontiers in Immunology, iphephabhuku elisemthethweni le-International Union of Immunological Societies ngoSepthemba 2020 yi-Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, kanye noMnyango Wezocwaningo Lwezokwelapha, Isibhedlela Sikazwelonke saseTaiwan University ukuqinisekisile ukuthi:

Umuthi wokugoma i-EV-A71 owengezwe neI-Ganoderma lucidumama-polysaccharides angakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba angathathi hlangothi, enze ukusabela komzimba okuhlobene ne-anti-virus, acindezele inani legciwane ezilwaneni, avimbele ukwenzeka kokugula okunzima (ukuhlasela kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko okubangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-flaccid) futhi kunciphise ingozi yokufa. .

Umuthi wokugoma i-EV-A71 osetshenziswe esivivinyweni uwumuthi wokugoma ongacushiwe owenziwe ngegciwane elingacushiwe (elifile).Ngokungafani nemijovo yendabuko, lo mgomo uklanywe njengamaconsi ekhala, awela ngokuqondile emakhaleni futhi amuncwe ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila ukuze enze ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba.

Ngokuqondene neI-Ganoderma lucidumi-polysaccharide engezwe emgomeni njenge-adjuvant "yokuthuthukisa ukusabela komzimba okubangelwa umgomo", itholakala emanzini ashisayo e-Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PS-G (i-polysaccharide ehlanjululwe kusukaI-Ganoderma lucidum) kulolu cwaningo.

Ekuhlolweni kwezilwane, amagundane anempilo ajovwa ngamaconsi omgomo we-12 μL aphuma emakhaleni awo.Amagundane ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu ngokomehluko emithini yokugoma:

◆ Iqembu le-RD lysate (Alikho Iqembu Lokugoma): umgomo we-placebo uyagonywa, ongathathwa njengommeleli wokungagomi;

◆ Iqembu le-EV-A71 (Iqembu Lokugoma): umgomo ogonyiwe uqukethe u-2.5 μg we-EV-A71 engasebenzi;

◆ Iqembu le-EV-A71+PS-G: umgomo ogonyiwe uqukethe u-2.5 μg we-EV-A71 engasebenzi kanye no-20 μg polysaccharide ehlanzwe kusukelaI-Ganoderma lucidum(PS-G).

Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuthi amagundane eqede imithamo emithathu yokugoma, izinga lamasosha omzimba asebenza isikhathi eside ngokumelene ne-EV71 kumagundane lahlolwa ─- okuhlanganisa i-IgG etholakala ikakhulukazi kuketshezi lwe-serum nolwemzimba, kanye ne-IgA engeyesibili kokuqukethwe kwe-serum. futhi ikakhulukazi ihlala ezicubu ze-mucosal (i-oral mucosa, i-nasal mucosa, i-respiratory mucosa, ne-intestinal mucosa).Kwatholakala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nomuthi wokugoma olula, umgomo ohambisana ne-PS-G ungakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba athile e-IgG ne-IgA (Umfanekiso 1), futhi lamasosha omzimba anomphumela omuhle wokungathathi hlangothi ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zofuzo ze-EV71 subtype, futhi futhi abe nomthelela onamandla wokuvimbela kumaseli atheleleke ngegciwane (Umfanekiso 2).

Umuthi wokugoma omuhle akufanele ukwazi kuphela ukunxenxa ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba asebenzayo kodwa futhi unxenxe ukukhiqizwa “kwamaseli enkumbulo B” ukuze kuthi lapho nje leli gciwane lihlasela, liqale ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ukuze lengezelele amasosha amasha endaweni yokuqala ngaphandle kokuchitha imali. isikhathi sokulinda imiyalelo ye-T cell.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umgomo omuhle kufanele futhi usize ama-T cell ukuthi akhumbule ukubukeka kwegciwane ukuze ama-T cell akwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha futhi aholele wonke amasosha omzimba ukuthi alwe negciwane ngokuphumelelayo.Maqondana nale ngxenye, umuthi wokugomela i-EV71 owengezwe ne-PS-G empeleni unamandla kakhulu kunomgomo ngaphandle kwe-PS-G.Ayiphindaphindi kabili kuphela amaseli enkumbulo B endaweni yamagundane (Umfanekiso 3) kodwa futhi ikhuthaza izicubu ze-spleen kanye ne-lymphatic yamathumbu ukuze kukhishwe ama-T cell anti-viral kanye nama-cytokines-interferon ahlobene (IFN-γ) kanye ne-interleukin 17 (IL- 17) lapho ilwa isandla nesandulela ngculazi.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono umphumela wokuvikela womgomo, abacwaningi benza izivivinyo ezimbili zezilwane.Okunye kokuhlolwa kwakuwukujova i-serum yamagundane agonyiwe kanye ne-EV71 kumagundane amancane anamaseli B akhubazekile ukuze abonwe izinsuku ezingu-20.Lapho amagundane asemancane engasenayo inselelo encane ngenxa yegciwane, amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa umgomo ayesebenza kakhulu.

Kutholwe ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amagundane amancane athola i-serum evela “EV-A71″ Group noma Iqembu le-“EV-A71+PS-G”, izimpawu ezinjengokukhubazeka kwemilenze zingagwenywa.Kodwa-ke, amagundane amancane athole i-serum evela ku-"EV-A71+PS-G" Group ayenenani elincane legciwane ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, futhi izinga lokufa nalo liphansi, okusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba adangwe umgomo angeziwe. nge-PS-G babe nekhono elingcono lokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwegciwane futhi banikeze ukuvikeleka okuphezulu (Umfanekiso 4, Umfanekiso 5).

Kokunye ukuhlola kwezilwane, abacwaningi basebenzise amagundane amancane anemisebenzi evamile yokuzivikela komzimba kodwa atheleleke kalula nge-EV71.Lawa magundane athola umthamo womuthi wokugoma ngosuku lwe-7 kanye ne-14 ngemuva kokuzalwa.Abacwaningi babe sebethumela i-EV71 eziswini zala magundane amancane ngembobo yomlomo yala magundane amancane ukuze ibangele ukutheleleka ngosuku lwama-21 ukuze babone umphumela womgomo ekunxenxeni ukusabela komzimba kwamagundane.

Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izinga lokusinda lamagundane asemancane agonywe ngomgomo we-“PS-G +” lalingu-89%, kanti izinga lokusinda lamagundane agonywe “ngomgomo” lalingu-56%, kanti impilo yonke yangaphambili yayingcono kakhulu kune lokho kwakamuva (Umfanekiso 6), i-PS-G ngokusobala inokubaluleka okunganakwa ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuvikela kwemithi yokugoma.

Iqhaza lama-adjuvants omgomo ukuqalisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, okwenza amasosha omzimba akhombe ngokunembile ama-antigen (njengamagciwane) emgomeni futhi akhiqize ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuvikela kuyilapho ukuphepha kuyisidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhetha i-adjuvant.Kusuka emiphumeleni yocwaningo engenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi i-PS-G ingaphinda kabili umphumela wangempela wokuzivikela komzimba womgomo, ohlinzeka ngereferensi ebalulekile yokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela komgomo.

I-polysaccharide esebenzayo evela emzimbeni wezitheloI-Ganoderma lucidumkuye kwafakazelwa esikhathini esidlule ukuthuthukisa ukuhlonzwa nokuqedwa kwabahlaseli ngamasosha omzimba ngokusebenzisa ama-macrophage, amaseli e-dendritic, T cell, B cell… Yingakho isebenza kahle njenge-adjuvant yomgomo.Mancane amathuba okuthi sihlangane nomuthi wokugoma oqukethe i-PS-G, kodwa ngaphambi kokugoma, kusetshenziswaI-Ganoderma lucidumukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kuyinto esinganquma futhi siyenze.

[Umthombo Wedatha]

U-Yu-Lin, et al.I-Polysaccharide Ehlanjululwe Ku-Ganoderma lucidum Isebenza Njenge-Adjuvant Enamandla Ye-Mucosal Ekhuthaza Ukungavikeleki Kokuzivikela Ngokumelene Nenselele Ebulalayo Nge-Enterovirus A71.I-Immunol yangaphambili.2020,11:561758.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561758.

PHELA

Mayelana nombhali/ Nks. Wu Tingyao

U-Wu Tingyao ubelokhu ebika mathuphaI-Ganoderma lucidumulwazi

kusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali weUkwelapha nge-Ganoderma(ishicilelwe ku-People's Medical Publishing House ngo-Ephreli 2017).

★ Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngaphansi kokugunyazwa okukhethekile kombhali, futhi ubunikazi bungeka-GANOHERB ★ Le misebenzi engenhla ayinakuphinda ikhiqizwe, ikhishwe noma isetshenziswe ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kwe-GanoHerb ★ Uma imisebenzi igunyaziwe ukuthi isetshenziswe, kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokugunyazwa futhi ibonise umthombo: GanoHerb ★ Ukwephulwa kwesitatimende esingenhla, i-GanoHerb izoqhuba izibopho zayo ezingokomthetho ezihlobene ★ Umbhalo wokuqala wale ndatshana ubhalwe ngesiShayina nguWu Tingyao futhi wahunyushelwa esiNgisini ngu-Alfred Liu.Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhumusha (isiNgisi) kanye nokwangempela (isiShayina), isiShayina sangempela siyonqoba.Uma abafundi benemibuzo, sicela uthinte umbhali wokuqala, uNksz. Wu Tingyao.