Wu Tingyao

Njengoko umoya woluntu lonke uguquguquka kunye "I-COVID 19 isitofu sokugonya” kunye “I-COVID 19ubhubhane”, isifo sesandla sonyawo-nomlomo, esixhaphakileyo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, sikwangene kwixesha lobhubhane.Iimpawu zayo zihlala zibandakanya umkhuhlane, izilonda zomlomo, kunye nerhashalala yolusu edla ngokufumaneka ezandleni, emlonyeni, kunye/okanye ezinyaweni.Esi sifo ngokwenene sibangelwa usulelo lwe-enterovirus.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-enteroviruses, uninzi lwazo zincinci kwaye zinokucocwa yi-immune system ngaphakathi kweveki.Ezinye ii-enteroviruses zinokuba nzima kakhulu, zibangele iingxaki ezinzulu ze-neurological ezifana ne-meningitis, i-myelitis, i-acute flaccid paralysis, kunye nokufa.

I-Enterovirus A71, ebizwa ngokuba yi-EV-A71, luhlobo olubi olufuna ukugadwa ngononophelo.Kanye njengoko isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 sifuneka ukuthintela inoveli coronavirus, ugonyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo lwe-EV-A71.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko wonke umntu esazi, akukho logonyo lusebenza nge-100%.Indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya?

Uphando olupapashwe kwiFrontiers kwi-Immunology, ijenali esemthethweni ye-International Union ye-Immunological Societies ngoSeptemba 2020 yi-Graduate Institute of Immunology, i-National Taiwan University College of Medicine, kunye neSebe loPhando lwezoNyango, iSibhedlele seYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseTaiwan yaqinisekisa ukuba:

Isitofu sokugonya se-EV-A71 songezwe kunyeI-Ganoderma lucidumI-polysaccharides inokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-related reactions, icinezele inani lentsholongwane kwizilwanyana, ithintele ukwenzeka kwesifo esibi (ukuhlaselwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous ebangela ukukhubazeka okubukhali) kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa. .

Isitofu sokugonya se-EV-A71 esisetyenziswe kuvavanyo sisitofu esingasebenziyo esenziwe ngentsholongwane engasebenziyo (efileyo).Ngokwahlukileyo kwiinaliti zesintu, olu gonyo luyilwe njengamathontsi eempumlo, athi athotywe ngokuthe ngqo emathatheni kwaye afunxelwe kwinwebu ye-mucous ukuze enze ukuveliswa kwezilwa-buhlungu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiI-Ganoderma lucidumi-polysaccharide eyongeziweyo kwisitofu sokugonya njenge-adjuvant "yokuphucula impendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba", ithathwe kwisicatshulwa samanzi ashushu emizimba ye-Ganoderma lucidum fruiting, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PS-G (polysaccharide ehlanjululweI-Ganoderma lucidum) kolu phando.

Kuvavanyo lwezilwanyana, iimpuku ezisempilweni zatofwa ngesitofu sokugonya se-12 μL esiphuma emathatheni azo.Iimpuku zohlulwa zangamaqela amathathu ngokomahluko kugonyo:

◆ IQela le-RD lysate (Akukho Qela lokugonya): isitofu sokugonya se-placebo siyagonywa, esinokuthi sithathwe njengommeli wokungabikho kogonyo;

◆ Iqela le-EV-A71 (Iqela le-Vaccine): isitofu sokugonywa siqukethe i-2.5 μg ye-EV-A71 engasebenzi;

◆ Iqela le-EV-A71 + PS-G: isitofu sokugonya siqulethe i-2.5 μg ye-EV-A71 engasebenziyo kunye ne-20 μg polysaccharide ehlanjululwe ukusukaI-Ganoderma lucidum(PS-G).

Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuba iimpuku zigqibe iidosi ezintathu zokugonya, inqanaba le-antibodies esebenzayo yexesha elide ngokuchasene ne-EV71 kwiimpuku yavavanywa ─- kubandakanywa ne-IgG ekhoyo ikakhulu kwi-serum kunye nolwelo lomzimba, kunye ne-IgA eyesibini kumxholo we-serum. kwaye ubukhulu becala ihlala kwizicubu ze-mucosal (i-mucosa yomlomo, i-mucosa yeempumlo, i-respiratory mucosa, kunye ne-intestinal mucosa).Kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nesitofu sokugonya esilula, isitofu sokugonya esongezwa kunye ne-PS-G sinokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-antibodies ye-IgG kunye ne-IgA (Umfanekiso 1), kwaye ezi zithinteli zinefuthe elihle lokungathathi hlangothi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zofuzo ze-EV71 subtype, kwaye kwakhona ibe nempembelelo enamandla yokuthintela kwiiseli ezosulelwe yintsholongwane (Umfanekiso 2).

Isitofu sokugonya esilungileyo kufuneka singakwazi nje ukuphembelela ukuveliswa kwezilwa-buhlungu ezisebenzayo kodwa sikwakhuthaze ukuveliswa “kweeseli zenkumbulo B” ukuze nje ukuba intsholongwane ihlasele, iqalise ukukhupha amajoni omzimba ukongeza imikhosi emitsha kumgca ongaphambili ngaphandle kokuchitha imali. ixesha lokulinda imiyalelo yeseli T.

Ngelo xesha, isitofu sokugonya esilungileyo kufuneka kwakhona sincede iiseli ze-T zigcine engqondweni ukubonakala kwentsholongwane ukwenzela ukuba iiseli ze-T ziphendule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhokele yonke imizimba ye-immune ukulwa nentsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo.Ngokumalunga neli candelo, isitofu sokugonya se-EV71 esongezwe kunye ne-PS-G ngenene sinamandla ngakumbi kunogonyo ngaphandle kwe-PS-G.Ayiphindaphindi nje kabini iiseli zememori B kwi-spleen yeegundane (Umfanekiso 3) kodwa ikhuthaza i-spleen kunye ne-intestinal lymphatic tissue ukuze ikhuphe iiseli ze-T ezichasene ne-anti-viral kunye ne-cytokines-interferon (IFN-γ) kunye ne-interleukin 17 (IL- 17) xa isilwa nesandla nentsholongwane.

Ukuze uqonde ngcono isiphumo sokhuseleko sesitofu sokugonya, abaphandi benze imifuniselo emibini yezilwanyana.Olunye lweemvavanyo yayikukutofa i-serum yeempuku ezigonyiweyo kunye ne-EV71 kwiimpuku ezincinci ezineeseli ze-B ezinokukhubazeka ukuze ziqwalaselwe iintsuku ezingama-20.Umngeni omncinci weempuku eziselula zibangelwa yintsholongwane, kokukhona zisebenza ngakumbi izilwa-buhlungu ezenziwa sisitofu sokugonya.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba iigundane ezincinci zifumene i-serum kwi-"EV-A71" Iqela okanye iQela elithi "EV-A71 + PS-G", iimpawu ezifana nokukhubazeka kwemilenze zingagwenywa.Nangona kunjalo, iimpuku ezincinci ezifumene i-serum kwiQela le- "EV-A71 + PS-G" zinenani elincinci lentsholongwane kwinkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi, kwaye izinga lokufa likwasezantsi, okuthetha ukuba amajoni omzimba anyanzelwa sisitofu sogonyo songeziwe. kunye ne-PS-G inamandla angcono okuthintela ukuveliswa kwentsholongwane kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu (Umfanekiso 4, uMzobo 5).

Kolunye ulingo lwezilwanyana, abaphandi basebenzise iimpuku ezincinci ezinemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuzikhusela kodwa zisuleleke ngokulula nge-EV71.Ezi mpuku zincinci zafumana idosi yesitofu sokugonya ngomhla wesi-7 kunye neentsuku ze-14 emva kokuzalwa.Abaphandi emva koko bathumela i-EV71 esiswini sezimpuku zincinci ngomngxunya womlomo wezimpuku zincinci ukuba ziphembelele usulelo ngomhla wama-21 ukuze zijonge isiphumo sesitofu sokugonya ekuphembeleleni ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba kwiimpuku ezincinci.

Emva kweeveki ezimbini, izinga lokusinda kweempuku ezincinci ezigonywe "kwi-PS-G + isitofu" kwakuyi-89%, kwaye izinga lokusinda kweempuku ezincinci ezigonywe "ngogonyo" kwakuyi-56%, kwaye impilo yonke yangaphambili yayingcono kakhulu leyo yokugqibela (Umfanekiso 6), i-PS-G ngokucacileyo inokubaluleka okungabalulekanga ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela izitofu zokugonya.

Indima ye-adjuvants yokugonya kukuqalisa impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba, ikhuthaza amajoni omzimba ukuba achonge ngokuchanekileyo i-antigens (ezifana neentsholongwane) kwisitofu sokugonya kunye nokuvelisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela ngelixa ukhuseleko luyimfuneko enkulu yokukhetha i-adjuvant.Ukusuka kwezi ziphumo zophando zingasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba i-PS-G inokuphinda kabini isiphumo sokhuselo lomzimba sesitofu sokugonya, esibonelela ngereferensi exabisekileyo malunga nendlela yokuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesitofu sokugonya.

Ipolysaccharide esebenzayo evela kumzimba weziqhamo zeI-Ganoderma lucidumibonakaliswe kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuphucula ukuchongwa kunye nokupheliswa kwabahlaseli yi-immune system ngokusebenzisa i-macrophages, iiseli ze-dendritic, iiseli ze-T, iiseli ze-B ... Kungenxa yoko le nto isebenza kakuhle njenge-adjuvant ye-vaccine.Akunakwenzeka ukuba sidibane nesitofu sokugonya esiqulethe i-PS-G, kodwa ngaphambi kokugonywa, usebenzisaI-Ganoderma lucidumukonyusa ukhuselo lomzimba yinto esinokuthatha isigqibo kwaye siyenze.

[Umthombo weDatha]

U-Yu-Lin, et al.I-Polysaccharide Ehlanjululwe kwi-Ganoderma lucidum Isebenza njenge-Adjuvant ye-Mucosal enamandla eKhuthaza ukuKhusela uKhuseleko kuMngeni obulalayo nge-Enterovirus A71.I-Immunol yangaphambili.2020,11:561758.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561758.

ISIPHELO

Malunga nombhali/ Nksz. Wu Tingyao

UWu Tingyao unike ingxelo okokuqalaI-Ganoderma lucidumulwazi

ukusukela ngo-1999. Ungumbhali weUkunyanga ngeGanoderma(ipapashwe kwiNdlu yePeople's Medical Publishing House ngo-Epreli 2017).

★ Eli nqaku lipapashwa phantsi kogunyaziso olukhethekileyo lombhali, kwaye ubunini bubo be-GANOHERB ★ Le misebenzi ingentla ayinakuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde isetyenziswe, ikhutshwe okanye isetyenziswe ngezinye iindlela ngaphandle kogunyaziso lweGanoHerb ★ Ukuba imisebenzi igunyazisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwendawo yogunyaziso kwaye ibonise umthombo: GanoHerb ★ Ukwaphulwa kwengxelo engentla, iGanoHerb iya kulandela uxanduva lwayo olusemthethweni oluhambelanayo ★ Umbhalo wokuqala weli nqaku ubhalwe ngesiTshayina nguWu Tingyao kwaye waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi nguAlfred Liu.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwenguqulelo (isiNgesi) kunye neyoqobo (isiTshayina), isiTshayina sokuqala siya koyisa.Ukuba abafundi banayo nayiphi na imibuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane nombhali wokuqala, uNks. Wu Tingyao.