N’chifukwa chiyani anthu amadwaladwala?

Kaya thupi la munthu lidzakhala ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi zomwe sizikukhudzana ndi chitetezo zimatengera ngati gulu lankhondo la T cell lomwe limayang'anira chitetezo cha mthupi ndi Th1 kapena Th2 (mtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 wothandizira T cell).

Ngati maselo a T ali olamulidwa ndi Th1 (amasonyezedwa ngati chiwerengero chachikulu ndi ntchito yaikulu ya Th1), thupi silidzakhudzidwa ndi zowawa, chifukwa ntchito ya Th1 ndi anti-virus, anti-bacteria ndi anti-chotupa;ngati ma T cell akulamulidwa ndi Th2, thupi limawona allergen ngati wotsutsa woyipa ndikupita nawo kunkhondo, zomwe zimatchedwa "matupi awo sagwirizana".Anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo, kuwonjezera pa kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi kumayang'aniridwa ndi Th2, nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi vuto lomwe Treg (maselo a T owongolera) ndi ofooka kwambiri.Treg ndi gawo lina la T cell, lomwe ndi njira yopumira ya chitetezo chamthupi kuti athetse kuyankha kotupa.Pamene sizingagwire ntchito bwino, ziwengo zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zotalika.

Anti-allergenic kuthekera

Mwamwayi, mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu za magawo atatu a T cell siwokhazikika koma udzasinthidwa ndi zokopa zakunja kapena kusintha kwa thupi.Choncho, yogwira pophika kuti ziletsa Th2 kapena kuonjezera Th1 ndi Treg nthawi zambiri amaona kuti angathe kusintha matupi awo sagwirizana Constitution ndi kuchepetsa thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Lipoti lofalitsidwa muKafukufuku wa Phytotherapyndi Pulofesa Li Xiumin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ndi ofufuza ochokera ku mabungwe angapo a maphunziro aku America, kuphatikizapo New York Medical College ndi Johns Hopkins University Asthma and Allergy Center, mu March 2022 adanena kuti chimodzi mwa zigawo zaGanoderma lucidumtriterpenoids, ganoderic acid B, ali ndi mphamvu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.

Antiallergic zotsatira za ganoderic acid B

Ofufuzawo adatulutsa maselo oteteza thupi kuphatikizira ma T cell m'magazi a odwala 10 omwe ali ndi mphumu, kenako adawalimbikitsa ndi zomwe odwalawo amakumana nazo (fumbi la fumbi, tsitsi lamphaka, mphemvu kapena hogweed), ndipo adapeza kuti ngati ganoderic acid B (pa mlingo wa 40 μg/mL) udachita limodzi mkati mwa masiku 6 pomwe ma cell a chitetezo chamthupi adawonekera ku allergen:

① Chiwerengero cha Th1 ndi Treg chidzawonjezeka, ndipo chiwerengero cha Th2 chidzachepa;

② Cytokine IL-5 (interleukin 5) yotulutsidwa ndi Th2 kuti ipangitse zotupa (zosagwirizana) zidzachepetsedwa ndi 60% mpaka 70%;

③The cytokine IL-10 (interleukin 10), yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi Treg kuti ayang'anire kuyankha kwa kutupa, idzawonjezeka kuchokera pa mlingo wa chiwerengero chimodzi kapena makumi khumi mpaka 500-700 pg/mL;

④ Katulutsidwe wa Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), yomwe imathandiza kusiyanitsa kwa Th1 koma yosavomerezeka pakukula kwa Th2, imathamanga kwambiri, motero imatembenuza njira ya chitetezo cha mthupi msanga.

⑤Kufufuza kwina kwa gwero la interferon-gamma yowonjezereka ndi ganoderic acid B inapeza kuti interferon-gamma simachokera ku Th1 (mosasamala kanthu kuti ganoderic acid B imakhudzidwa kapena ayi, pali interferon-gamma yochepa kwambiri yotulutsidwa ndi Th1) koma kuchokera ku ma cell akupha T ndi ma cell akupha zachilengedwe (NK cell).Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ganoderic acid B imatha kulimbikitsa ma cell ena oteteza thupi omwe sali okhudzana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana nawo kuti alowe nawo gulu la anti-allergenic mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lofufuzalo linasinthanso ganoderic acid B ndi steroid (10 μM dexamethasone) kuti iwonetse momwe imakhudzira maselo a chitetezo chamthupi a odwala mphumu pamaso pa allergen.Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha Th1, Th2 kapena Treg ndi chiwerengero cha IL-5, IL-10 kapena interferon-γ chinachepetsedwa kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa kuyesa.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anti-allergenic effect ya steroids imachokera ku kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pamene anti-allergenic effect ya ganoderic acid B imangokhala yotsutsana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana ndipo sichikhudza chitetezo cha anti-infection ndi anti-tumor.

Choncho, ganoderic acid B si steroid ina.Imatha kuwongolera zomwe zimachitika popanda kuwononga chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe ndi gawo lake lamtengo wapatali.

Zowonjezera: Physiological Activity ya Ganoderic Acid B

Ganoderic acid B ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala Ganoderma lucidumtriterpenoids (enawo ndi ganoderic acid A) anapezeka mu 1982, pamene kudziwika kwake kunali kokha “gwero la kuwawa kwaGanoderma lucidummatupi a zipatso”.Pambuyo pake, poyang'aniridwa ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, anapeza kuti ganoderic acid B ilinso ndi zochitika zambiri za thupi, kuphatikizapo:

➤Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi/kuletsa enzyme yotembenuza angiotensin (1986, 2015)

➤Kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol (1989)

➤Analgesia (1997)

➤ Anti-AIDS/Kuletsa HIV-1 protease (1998)

➤Anti-prostatic hypertrophy/Kupikisana ndi ma androgens a zolandilira pa prostate (2010)

➤Anti-diabetic/Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (2013)

➤Kansa ya chiwindi/Kupha ma cell a khansa ya m’chiwindi yamunthu yosamva mankhwala (2015)

➤ Anti-Epstein-Barr virus / inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated human herpes virus activity (2017)

➤ Anti-chibayo / Kuchepetsa kuvulala kwam'mapapo kudzera mu antioxidant ndi anti-inflammatory effects (2020)

➤ Anti-allergies/Kuwongolera momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayankhira ma T cell ku allergen (2022)

[Source] Changda Liu, et al.Kutengera nthawi kwapawiri kopindulitsa kwa interferon-γ, interleukin 5, ndi Treg cytokines mu odwala mphumu zotumphukira magazi mononuclear maselo ndi ganoderic acid B. Phytother Res.2022 Marichi;36(3): 1231-1240.

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